Freud's Theoretical Development and Consciousness

Questions and Answers

What did Freud believe was a cause of hysteria and obsessional neurosis?

Failure to recall significant past events

Repressed memories of childhood trauma

Unconscious seduction of parents by children (correct)

Inability to distinguish reality from fiction

What are elements called that are not currently conscious but can become conscious with some effort?

Preconscious elements (correct)

Repressed memories

Suppressed emotions

Unconscious thoughts

What did Freud assert about the unconscious mind in regard to reality?

It only accepts factual information.

It cannot distinguish reality from fiction. (correct)

It fully understands reality.

It can easily distinguish fiction from reality.

What is counter transference in therapy?

When a therapist transfers their feelings to a patient Signup and view all the answers

Which two major categories of drives did Freud identify as cornerstones of psychoanalysis?

Sex and aggression Signup and view all the answers

Freudian slips, or parapraxes, are understood as what?

Accidental slips revealing unconscious intentions Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the motivational force within a person, derived from the German word 'trieb'?

Drive Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best contrasts Freud's views from Adler's views?

Freud viewed human behavior as driven by sexual desire; Adler focused on social influences. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Alfred Adler resign from his position in the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society?

Professional and personal differences with Freud. Signup and view all the answers

Adler's theory suggests that individual behavior is influenced by what main driver?

Striving for superiority and social belonging Signup and view all the answers

Why did Freud become the most popular theorist on personality?

His effective writing and publishing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used by Freud to refer to the sexual drive?

Eros Signup and view all the answers

What issue did Freud experience that contributed to a personal crisis related to his seduction theory?

Failure to treat any patients successfully Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes Adler's concept of social interest?

Gemeinschaftsgefühl Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Adler implement after leaving the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society?

He developed the Society for Individual Psychology. Signup and view all the answers

What major aspect does the sexual drive aim to achieve according to Freud?

Pleasure Signup and view all the answers

What motivates psychologically healthy people according to Adler's theories?

Success for all and social interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of individual psychology as proposed by Adler?

People inherently strive towards social connection and success. Signup and view all the answers

How did Adler advance his theories compared to Freud?

By lecturing and training teachers Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'final goal' concept in Adlerian Theory?

It helps reduce feelings of inferiority Signup and view all the answers

What is the second tenet of Adlerian Theory?

People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Gemeinschaftsgefühl' more accurately translate to in Adler's theory?

Community feeling Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of psychologically healthy children according to Adler?

They set final goals regarding success and social interest Signup and view all the answers

What does the value of human activity hinge upon in Adlerian Theory?

The context of social interest Signup and view all the answers

What defines the attitude of the stages of life described?

Turning outward of psychic energy Signup and view all the answers

Which function is characterized by logical intellectual activity and evaluation of ideas?

Thinking Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of life does an individual strive for independence and family establishment?

Youth Signup and view all the answers

What phase is characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness?

Anarchic Phase Signup and view all the answers

What does Jung believe about dreams?

They must be taken seriously and have meaning. Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage is an individual referred to as the 'morning sun climbing towards the zenith'?

Youth Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the later stage of life characterized by a descent towards sunset?

Old Age Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dualistic Phase signify in psychological development?

Integration of subjective and objective self Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Freud believe Jung represented in his theories?

Psychic potential Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspect did Jung shift his focus to in contrast to Freud?

Collective unconscious Signup and view all the answers

How are archetypes derived according to the content provided?

From collective memories of ancestors Signup and view all the answers

The archetype of the great mother encompasses which two opposing forces?

Power and destruction Signup and view all the answers

What issue arose between Freud and Jung regarding dream interpretation?

They could not interpret each other's dreams Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud's concept of phylogenetic endowment refer to?

Inborn characteristics and instincts Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the great mother archetype in relation to personal feelings?

It is associated with both positive and negative feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents Jung's view on personal experiences?

They round out the total personality Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freud's Personal Crisis and Theoretical Development

Freud faced personal crises, particularly with his seduction theory, suggesting repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse.
He criticized his seduction theory for failing to treat patients effectively and for its implications regarding parental figures.
Freud's friendship with Adler ended in 1903, influencing the development of psychology in the early 20th century.

Levels of Consciousness

Preconscious: Contains elements that are not currently conscious but can easily enter awareness (e.g., memories of personal events).
Unconscious: Houses drives, urges, and instincts beyond awareness, influencing behaviors and feelings (e.g., irrational desires, violent urges).

Dynamics of Personality

Drives (from German 'trieb') refer to inherent motivations, focusing on sex (Eros) and aggression as foundational in psychoanalysis.
Sexual drive, or Eros, is linked to libido, seeking pleasure beyond genital satisfaction.
Countertransference: A therapist's emotional response to a patient, often linked to their personal background.

Freudian Concepts

Freudian Slips (Parapraxes): Errors in speech or action that reveal unconscious intentions.
Example: Misnaming a current love interest with an ex-partner's name indicates underlying feelings.

Adler and Individual Psychology

Individual Psychology views human nature optimistically, emphasizing social interest (Gemeinschaftsgefühl), or community feeling.
Adler believed motivation stems from societal influences and the pursuit of superiority rather than sexual desires.

Adlerian Theory Tenets

Final Goal: Humans create fictional goals to overcome feelings of inferiority, often shaping personal ambitions and behaviors.
Individuals prioritize community welfare and success for all, contrasting Freud's focus on aggression and sex.
Social Interest: Defines psychological health through empathy, cooperation, and a unified sense of community.

Jung's Archetypes and Collective Unconscious

Archetypes are universal symbols rooted in the collective unconscious, emerging from shared human experiences.
Jung identified several key archetypes, including the Great Mother, representing nurturing and destruction.
Psychological development follows four life stages: childhood, youth, middle life, and old age.

Psychological Functions

Jung emphasized different psychological orientations: introversion and extraversion can combine with thinking and feeling, leading to eight distinct personality types.
Functions include:
- Thinking: Logical evaluation of truth.
- Feeling: Valuing experiences and emotional responses.

Dream Analysis and Active Imagination

Jung posited that dreams are significant and reveal unconscious content requiring analysis for self-realization.
Dreams manifest elements from the collective unconscious, suggesting ancestral connections.
Active Imagination: A technique involving personal engagement with unconscious content to facilitate understanding and integration.

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Description

Explore Freud's personal crises and how they shaped his theories, particularly his seduction theory's evolution. Additionally, learn about the levels of consciousness in his psychological framework and the dynamics of personality drives central to his psychoanalysis. This quiz delves into the roots of concepts that influenced modern psychology.