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Questions and Answers
At what stage does a child's energy focus on peer activities and personal mastery of learning and physical skills?
Latency Stage (6 years to 11 years, until puberty)
What is the main focus of the Genital Stage?
Improving personal identities, developing caring feelings towards others, establishing loving relationships, and progressing in successful careers
According to Darwin, what factor contributes to our primal personality traits?
Genetic and heredity factors
Who proposed the combination of both genetic and environmental influence on personality development?
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What is the temperament characterized by being cheerful, energetic, and optimistic?
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What is the common trait among individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder?
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At what stage do most adolescents have difficulty developing true affection and caring for others?
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What is the result of an unsatisfactory relationship during the Genital Stage?
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Who is the Greek physician who grouped people into four temperaments?
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What type of temperament is characterized by being hot-tempered and expressive?
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Study Notes
Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective
Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective
- Unconscious motivations, which are inaccessible to conscious awareness, influence personality, which is divided into three structures: Id, Ego, and Superego
- The Id operates on the pleasure principle, uninfluenced by reality, logic, or time, and is driven by instinctual needs and desires
- The Ego mediates between the Id's desires and the Superego, finding realistic ways to satisfy the Id while avoiding social and moral sanctions, thereby ensuring the individual's physical and psychological well-being
- The Superego incorporates moral principles and ideals, striving for perfection and self-idealization, and may lead to feelings of guilt, shame, or anxiety when these standards are not met
motivations influence personality, which is divided into three structures: Id, Ego, and Superego
- The Id operates on the pleasure principle, uninfluenced by reality, logic, or time
- The Ego mediates between the Id's desires and the Superego, finding realistic ways to satisfy the Id while avoiding negative consequences
- The Superego controls the Id's impulses, especially those forbidden by society
Freud's Psychoanalytical Stages
- Five stages of personality development: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
- Each stage is characterized by efforts to obtain pleasure centered on erogenous zones
Oral Stage (0-18 months)
- Pleasure centers on the mouth (sucking, biting)
- Fixation: Delayed oral needs can lead to dependency, lack of optimism, and gullibility in adulthood
- Behaviors: Chewing on pencils, smoking, overeating
Anal Stage (18 months-3 years)
- Pleasure focuses on bowel movement (withholding/eliminating faeces)
- Fixation:
- Over-emphasis on toilet training: Retentive character, stubborn, stingy, perfectionist, and anxious
- Negligence in toilet training: Expulsive traits, bad temper, cruelty, and messy disorderliness
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
- Children differentiate between males and females
- Fixation: Oedipus complex (males) and Electra complex (females), leading to disturbed relationships in adulthood
Latency Stage (6-11 years)
- No fixations occur as energy is focused on peer activities and personal mastery of learning and physical skills
Genital Stage (12 years onwards)
- Improvement of personal identities, caring feelings towards others, and establishment of loving relationships
- Fixation: Unsatisfactory relationships
Determinants of Personality
- Genetic and heredity factors (Darwin)
- Environmental and surrounding influence (John Locke)
- Combination of both genetic and environmental influence (Angyal, 1941)
Personality and Health
Temperaments (Hippocrates)
- Four types of temperaments:
- Sanguine: Cheerful, energetic, optimistic
- Melancholic: Depressed, negative, worried
- Choleric: Hot-tempered, expressive
- Phlegmatic: Slow moving, unexcitable, introvert
Type Theory (How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health)
- Histrionic personality disorder: Failing to see personal situations realistically, dramatizing and exaggerating difficulties
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Description
Explore Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which proposes that unconscious motivations shape our personality. Learn about the structure of the psyche, including the id, ego, and their roles in decision making.
