Freud's Psycho-Sexual Development Theory

Freud's Theory of Psycho-Sexual Development

• Freud named the development process of the sexual instinct, or libido, among the life instincts that continues throughout life as "psychosexual development."
• The id, ego, and superego are layers of the human mind and function on different planes, though located together.
• The id acts as the starting point of pleasure-based desires and persistent basic energy.
• It is the basic and most primitive self, the main source is the selfish satisfaction of needs such as sexuality and hunger.
• The ego meets the desires of the id with reality and balances the id with defense mechanisms
• Serves as the balancing element between the id and the superego.
• The ego's main task is to provide personal security and permit some of the id's requests.
• Freud linked memory to the ego with the functions of reality testing, defense, information synthesis, and intelligence later in life.
• The superego is an internalized symbol of the father figure and cultural norms.
• It is against the needs and demands of the id, is aggressive against the id and keeps taboos alive.
• According to Freud, the foundations of personality are established during the first years of life, making changes difficult later on.
• Parents should shape their child’s behavior accordingly to help them successfully overcome the developmental task of each stage.
• Freud divided psychosexual development into five stages, each reflecting the id's search for satisfaction.
• These psychosexual stages are orderly, cannot be separated by strict boundaries, and each stage is influenced by the previous one.

Psychosexual Stages

• Oral Period (0-1.5 years)
• Anal Period (1.5-3 years)
• Phallic Period (3-6 years)
• Latent Period (6-11 years)
• Genital Period (12-18 years)

Oral Period (0-1.5 years)

• Developments like eating, speaking, and toilet training occur.
• A child connects with the outside world mainly through the mouth.
• A satisfied baby develops a sense of trust, and the baby with a trusting relationship makes similar relationships throughout life.
• It satisfies the baby's libido, orally through the mouth, lips, tongue, teeth, and jaw.
• In the oral period, all needs and wishes are gathered via the mouth.
• The baby's first sexual stimulation occurs during bathing and diaper changes.
• The pressure and movement of the diaper on the genitals provide pleasurable sensations.
• Babies may accidentally touch and try to touch their genitals again to relive the sensation.
• Baby boys find their penises, but baby girls struggle to touch their genitals
• Touching their genitals is less common for baby girls because their genitals are are hidden
• This behavior is natural, normal, and healthy for babies.

Anal Period (1.5-3 years)

• The source of libido satisfaction shifts from oral and feeding activities to bowel and defecation processes.
• Voluntary sphincter control causes a change from passive to active states.
• The anus becomes the focus of arousal.
• This period signifies separation from addiction and gaining independence, involving a struggle against parental control.
• The ability to make voluntary movements develops during this period.
• Children gain pleasure from the gaining control in opposite voluntary movements such as pick-throw, hold-release.
• Children feel pleasure by holding or releasing feces.
• There is more enjoyment to determine whether to defecate or not.
• The ability to hold stool and defecate as desired attracts attention and rewards.
• Children confront societal expectations, such as good, bad, right, wrong, and shameful.
• Shouting or anger will not prevent attempts to defecate, and the child will try to repeat and do it with a sense of guilt.
• Prevents shame associated with sexuality later in life.
• From establishing and achieving healthy communication with families
• Living in peace with the characteristics of ones own gender.
• Successful termination of the anal period encourages personal autonomy, independence, and entrepreneurship, without guilt.

Phallic (Odipal) Period (3-6 years)

• Begins perceiving the existence of themselves and the outside world.
• Begins understanding two different genders, seeking to learn the difference, by asking questions.
• By the age of five, children learn their bodies, develop positive or negative emotions toward their bodies.
• The pleasure zone is the genitals and their surroundings and become extremely interested in sex.
• Curiosity will naturally pass if parents talk about genitals like other body parts.
• Should focus on accurately naming the sex and reproductive organs.
• Use proper terms like vagina/chest for girls and penis/testicles for boys, instead of veiled ones.
• There are 5 important thoughts during the phallic stage:
  • What I think is known and see by everyone
  • Thought and action are the same thing
  • If I thought about it, I did it
  • If i did, I'm guilty
  • If I am guilty, I will definitely be punished.
• Children feel a sexual affinity for the opposite-sex parent, imitating and trying to look nice to the same-sex parent to prevent being noticed.
• Children's sexual preferences start with their parents, shifting as girls try to emulate mothers and boys emulate fathers.
• In return a girl tries to win her father's favor by resembling her mother, and the boy tries to win his mother's favor
• Excessive pressure can cause the below:
  • Oedipus Complex for boys
  • Electra Complex for girls

Oedipus Complex

• A boy approaches his mother with love, competing with his father
• Identifies with but feels hate for the father from time to time.
• The boy may admire his father and desire to be like him yet harbor feelings of hate.
• This relationship causes an important conflict.
• Boys penis becomes the prominent importance becomes an organ of pleasure in terms of self sense
• The penis is equivalent to the whole body
• The oedipus complex is suppressed into the unconscious in which all healthy kids will resolve by age 6
• If an Oedipus complex is not solved in a healthy way, unconscious impulses and masturbation begin including sexual fantasies of the mother.
• This creates distress and depression.
• Important conditions must be fulfilled for the oedipal complex to be resolved:
  • The mother and father must love each other and share that love with the child.
  • By saying, "mom and dad love each other I should get out of the way". This will break the bond with the mother out of respect for the father/mothers love.
  • The 2nd condition is that the father values his son, spends quality time with his son and establishes a healthy conversation that his son can understand
  • With a healthy father-son relationship a child can say I can't do this to my father "he" loves me very much and I love him very much" and break the bond to his mother for his fathers sake
• Others include :
  • The presence of new mates for the child, finding an alternative partner
  • Parents allow their children to freely detach from them
  • The child must not have a parent that devalues their sexual identity

Elektra Complex

• A girl admires her father but feels jealousy.
• Intensified sexual and aggressive impulses exist along with the basic security experienced with the mother to avoid risk of being lost.
• The little girl must identify and distance herself from the mother.
• Until age 6 the complex is repressed, at puberty its reactivated
• There are unconscious impulses involving sexual fantasies.
• Distrees can occur as a result
• All first the conditions of these are that the parents love and care well for each other.
• Second is the mother being able to show comfort for her dauhter and spend time growing
  • This will cause in her daugher to say If" my mother and father love each other I should get out of the way"
  • So that she is able to break her motherly bond with the child so that the father can show enough love to the mother.

Latency/Implicit - Latent Period (6-11 years)

• The Oedipus complex resolves as the sexual drive is inactive or silent.
• Sexual identity and roles combine and are reinforced.
• Control of instinctive impulses and sexual silence helps the development of the self (ego) and abilities.
• Pleasure focuses on different objects during the education and training phase in the latent phase.
• First love appears and platonic love is on the agenda, another feature also involves admiring the opposite sex and choosing a partner.

Genital Period (12-18 years)

• Strength of sexual urges returns as the child reaches physiological maturity in which impulses now reveal hidden ones
• Now the genitals are the focus of arousal.
• Human physical and psychological changes occur during this period.
• Changes in the sexual organs come to the fore with the personality structure.
• Puberty causes physical and psychosocial changes when it begins.
• Feelings of confusion and anxiety appear in the body with rapid changes and decreased self-esteem.
• Early adolescence occurs between 11 and 15.
• Physical changes are nearing completion, with autonomy characteristics being the focus, middle adolescence is defined to be ages 14 and 17.
• Late adolescence starts at age 16 and ends in the 20s and is defined by a disappearance of physical body doubts.
• The sexual identity is full and fully developed.

Female Sexuality in Adulthood

• Societal expectations and responsibilities change.
• Partner relationships change for women socially and sexually.
• Women experience sexuality comfortably and are sexually active.
• In the country and among similar ones, first experiences come through adulthood.
• Those can get to know themselves if they have been through it without complications increase overtime

Pregnancy and Sexuality

• During that time it can affect it, that means it's okay.
• Doctors make it seem as thou' it's not discussed, unless it is.
• Not limited to intercourse.
• Not Just
• Should not think harmful and think act of wide love and intimacy
• Some see it unwelcome to some
• As long as the individual who is pregnant and in love, continue to do so.
• All sorts of factors: stress and other bodily limitations.
• A cultural and martial state in order for the women to proceed
• Depending on whom and where one is, can follow through if it is risky, otherwise proceed with caution and don't over due it
• During that : infection in the genitals, bleeding or so

Sexuality in adulthood

• Sexual life is seen is also thought to apply in birth.
• the 1st half the year after that is usually where they re adapt, being the case.
• After, a women is to see and determine how often and to see then she can be seen
• For drynes follow below
• To consider and wash products before sex with what is all around.
• To be made all appropiate for health.
• And to care for the correct.
• Should take care for those who have problems by being more proactive.

Impact of Infertility on Sexuality

• Can be difficult
• Sex can take a toll and also harm the process.
• They require to have full love
• • to know how much pleasure to feel by doing so for love or just desire.
• And with this can have so much difficulty when there is more that is in question.
• With feelings of guilt
• Progesterone and so on lack sexual to make one and or the relationship in a more difficult manner

Male Sexuality

• For males and testiticals is were the heart of this issue starts at _ Two common problems start at this moment.
• As males have testicals they are more in the body
• To have to take the tests in order to see and understand if we need to assist in these methods.
• Varicocele: _ can have abnormality when dilating, veins and getting the dirty stuff out for the testical.
• Can like to the superfiscial to veen enlargement to varicose.

Climacterium

• A greek to stair
• To be important for to make the women understand for them.
• More to menopause - The period - The state
• Premenopause
• Perinemopause -
• Post menopause
• can cause all the above
• Symptoms
• Can range from many such as osteoporosis and pain
  • Vasomortor: complaints
• All can affect sexulaity
• From 15 to 49 is usually where all it is okay And after the state.
• 2 changes affect sexuaility
• Estrogen deficienty
• Androgen:
• Both in most cases cause trouble later because of lack love

Treatment and loss of hormone

• Veejina not so dry
• The is a point whee it is difficult to see and do more with this
• Should not consider more than what is asked
• Most woman do not go and get it
• To do something and make people use that time to to touch
• Make so that the women is more in the correct level to know
• This all requires that it is important for it to heal.