Frequency of Copulation and Sperm Competition in Birds

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What do small Chinook salmon invest more energy in compared to larger hooknose salmon?

Tail fin strength

Sperm and gonads (correct)

Body size

Digestive system efficiency

What is a notable characteristic of jack sperm in Chinook salmon?

They require more power to swim

They have larger tails

They are less efficient at swimming

They swim faster than hooknose sperm (correct)

How does the swimming efficiency of jack sperm change when activated in ovarian fluid?

It remains the same

It decreases

It increases (correct)

It becomes unpredictable

In the context of evolution, what does the term 'Evolutionarily Stable Strategies' refer to?

Strategies that are resistant to invasion by new strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which concept in animal behavior involves the interaction between fishers and pirates as well as hawks and doves?

Game Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept driving the behavior described in the text?

Sexual Selection Signup and view all the answers

Intrasexual selection involves:

Competition within one sex for mating opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Male ornaments are an example of:

Intersexual selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the key idea behind the mate guardian and coalition formation as alternative mating tactics?

Making the best of a bad job Signup and view all the answers

What kind of behavioral adaptation is exhibited by seabirds in the described context?

Courtship Displays Signup and view all the answers

In the context of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS), what does it mean if an ESS cannot be bettered by another activity?

The ESS is resistant to invasion by alternative strategies Signup and view all the answers

According to Richard Dawkins' 'The Selfish Gene,' what does the term 'selfish gene' represent?

Genes that prioritize individual survival over group well-being Signup and view all the answers

How does protective aggression work in evolutionarily stable strategies when conspecifics are willing to help with fighting?

It leads to high success rates in securing resources Signup and view all the answers

In the hawks-doves game of fighting, what does the term 'frequency-dependent' imply?

The success of a strategy depends on the frequency of occurrence of that strategy in the population Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) impact individual behavior in a population?

It suggests that individuals should adapt their behavior based on what the majority in the population is doing Signup and view all the answers

Why did the black-headed gulls remove eggshells from nests right after hatching?

To avoid attracting predators to the nest. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference observed between the behavioral adaptation of black-headed gulls and kittiwakes to their respective environments?

Black-headed gulls threw away eggshells while kittiwakes did not. Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary concept is exemplified by the selection pressure on alleles carried by parents who throw away eggshells in black-headed gulls?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

Why was throwing out eggshells less beneficial for kittiwakes compared to black-headed gulls?

Kittiwakes nested in predator-proof cliff ledges. Signup and view all the answers

How did the study on black-headed gulls and kittiwakes contribute to our understanding of evolutionary stable strategies?

By illustrating how different environments can lead to different selective pressures. Signup and view all the answers

According to John Maynard Smith's concept of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) in evolutionary game theory, what does an 'evolutionarily stable strategy' refer to?

A strategy that is consistently successful and cannot be improved upon by any other strategy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the concept of Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) in animal behavior according to Richard Dawkins?

To explain behaviors or traits that cannot be invaded by rare alternative behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of behavioral strategies discussed in the text, what is a key question posed by game theory regarding individual fitness?

If the best strategies depend on the behaviors of other individuals in the population. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario aligns with the concept of 'hawk vs. dove' behavioral strategies, as discussed in the context of natural selection?

Some individuals behaving aggressively while others act passively to avoid conflict. Signup and view all the answers

Considering the adaptation of seabirds to specific environments, what is a likely evolutionary advantage for seabirds exhibiting certain behaviors?

Developing specialized traits to avoid predation along coastal areas. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sperm competition, what is a key selective force shaping reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior in animals?

Sperm competition Signup and view all the answers

Why do Goshawk pairs engage in copulation up to 100 times prior to egg-laying?

To prepare for sperm competition Signup and view all the answers

How do some bird species cope with male competition even after sperm is released?

By storing sperm in sperm host glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between copulation frequency and clutch size in birds, according to Birkhead's study?

No correlation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the amount of time male warblers spend guarding their partners?

Presence of male neighbors Signup and view all the answers

What is one way the Common Guillemot (Uria aalge) males ensure the growth of their offspring?

Guiding the offspring to the sea after hatching Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having SAM (shell accessory material) on the eggshell surface of the Common Guillemot (Uria aalge)?

It prevents pore blockages and aids gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Why do the chicks of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) leave the colony early, just 3 weeks after hatching?

To begin their growth at sea and ensure survival Signup and view all the answers

In what way do razorbill (Alca torda) eggs behave if disturbed on a ledge according to the text?

They roll in a circle Signup and view all the answers

How long do Common Guillemot (Uria aalge) males stay with their offspring after guiding them to the sea?

5-7 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Why do Common Guillemot (Uria aalge) incubate their single egg on exposed cliff ledges without building a nest?

To facilitate gas exchange for embryo development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason male Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) do not need to fly back with food for their offspring?

They dive for food in the sea instead of flying back Signup and view all the answers