French Revolution Quiz: Bastille and Rights

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Questions and Answers

What was a distinguishing feature of the First Estate?

  • Paid the majority of taxes
  • Collected tithes and provided social services (correct)
  • Owned 20% of the land
  • Comprised about 1.5% of the population

Which of the following was a privilege of the Second Estate?

  • Paid the majority of taxes
  • Consisted of urban workers and peasants
  • Included the bourgeoisie, middle class, and commoners
  • Held privileged positions in the government and military (correct)

What significant burden did the Third Estate bear compared to the other estates?

  • Collected feudal dues from peasants
  • Provided social services like education
  • Owned the least amount of land
  • Had limited political rights and paid the majority of taxes (correct)

Which of the following statements correctly describes the economic status across the estates?

<p>The First and Second Estates were largely exempt from taxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main motivations for the merchants during this period?

<p>Removal of trade barriers and guild restrictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event is marked by the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?

<p>The beginning of the French Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is NOT included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

<p>Women are granted equal rights under the law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government was established by the Constitution of 1791?

<p>Limited monarchy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who had the right to vote for lawmakers according to the Constitution of 1791?

<p>Tax-paying male citizens over age 25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What slogan became synonymous with the principles outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

<p>Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a limitation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

<p>It did not grant equal rights to women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What administrative change did the Constitution of 1791 implement regarding local governance?

<p>Abolished old provinces in favor of equal-sized departments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did peasants and merchants primarily seek during the early stages of the French Revolution?

<p>Greater social equality and access to food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Storming of the Bastille

A significant event, on July 14, 1789, in Paris, marking the start of the French Revolution. Parisians attacked the Bastille fortress, seeking weapons and gunpowder. The fortress's fall symbolized the end of absolute monarchy.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A document issued by the French National Assembly in August 1789, outlining fundamental human rights and principles. It established natural rights for male citizens.

Limited Monarchy (Constitutional Monarchy)

A government type where a monarch's power is limited by a constitution, setting rules for the monarch.

Legislative Assembly

The French governing body after the 1791 Constitution. It made laws, collected taxes, declared war and controlled peace.

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Peasants' and Merchants' Wants

Peasants and merchants sought better living conditions, social rights, less taxation, and fair economic treatment.

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1791 Constitution

Established a limited monarchy in France.

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Natural Rights

Fundamental rights that are inherent to all people, including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

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French Estates

The three social classes in pre-revolutionary France: Clergy (First Estate), Nobility (Second Estate), and Commoners (Third Estate)

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First Estate

The Clergy, comprising 0.5% of the population, owning 10% of the land, and exempt from most taxes.

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Second Estate

The Nobility, making up 1.5% of the population, owning about 20% of the land, and also exempt from most taxes.

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Third Estate

The Commoners, representing 98% of the population, with limited political rights and bearing the majority of taxes.

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Bourgeoisie

The middle class in the Third Estate, including educated professionals and merchants.

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Peasants

Farmers in the Third Estate, burdened with heavy taxes and feudal obligations (dues).

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Urban Workers

Artisans, laborers, and unemployed in the Third Estate, facing poverty and limited opportunities.

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Taxation in France

The first two estates were largely exempt from taxes, while the Third Estate bore the majority of the tax burden.

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Political Power in France

The First and Second Estates held significant political power, while the Third Estate had limited influence.

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Social Mobility in France

Movement between social classes was highly restricted, with limited opportunities for advancement from the Third Estate

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Economic Disparities in France

Significant economic inequality existed between the privileged First and Second Estates and the burdened Third Estate.

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Peasant Relief (Demand)

Peasants desired relief from heavy taxes, feudal dues, food shortages, and high bread prices.

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Merchant Demands

Merchants sought increased political representation, reduced trade barriers, and more economic opportunities, as well as equal taxation, leading to improved financial systems.

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Study Notes

Storming of the Bastille

  • Occurred on July 14, 1789, in Paris, France.
  • Parisians sought weapons and gunpowder held within the fortress.
  • Marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
  • Symbolized the fall of absolute monarchy.
  • Over 800 Parisians gathered outside the Bastille.
  • The commander refused entry and fired upon the crowd.
  • After the battle, the mob broke through the defenses.
  • The commander and five guards were killed, and seven prisoners were freed.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

  • Issued in August 1789 by the National Assembly.
  • Key principle: All men are born free and equal in rights.
  • Natural rights include liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression.
  • Government's purpose: To protect citizen's natural rights.
  • All male citizens equal before the law.
  • Legal Protections: No imprisonment without due process. Freedom of religion guaranteed. Taxes based on ability to pay.
  • Slogan: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity".
  • Limitations: Didn't grant equal rights to women.

Constitution of 1791

  • Created a limited monarchy (constitutional monarchy).
  • Legislative Assembly: Made laws, collected taxes, and decided on war/peace.
  • Lawmakers elected by tax-paying male citizens above 25.
  • Administrative changes: Replaced provinces with 83 equal-sized departments.
  • Abolished old provincial courts, Reformed laws.
  • Ensured equality before the law for all male citizens.
  • Ended church interference in government.
  • Reflected Enlightenment ideals.
  • Limited political participation to propertied men.

Peasant and Merchant Desires

  • Peasants: Relief from heavy taxes, feudal dues, more land, fair land distribution, protection from shortages, abolition of feudal privileges, equal rights.
  • Merchants: Increased political representation, removal of trade barriers/guild restrictions, more economic opportunities, equal taxation (for everyone), government/financial reforms.

Social Divisions in France (Estates)

  • First Estate: Clergy (0.5% population), owned 10% of the land, exempt from most taxes, provided social services, collected tithe. Divided into higher (noble) and lower clergy (common).
  • Second Estate: Nobility (1.5% population), owned ~20% of land, exempt from most taxes, privileged positions in government, military, and church, collected feudal dues. Divided into wealthy and poor nobles.
  • Third Estate: Commoners (98% population). Bourgeoisie (middle class), Peasants (majority, poor farmers), and Urban workers (artisans, laborers, unemployed). Paid most of taxes, had limited political rights.
  • Key Differences: Taxation, political representation, social mobility, economic status. Significant disparity between the wealthier First and Second Estates and the Third Estate.

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