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Questions and Answers
What was a distinguishing feature of the First Estate?
What was a distinguishing feature of the First Estate?
Which of the following was a privilege of the Second Estate?
Which of the following was a privilege of the Second Estate?
What significant burden did the Third Estate bear compared to the other estates?
What significant burden did the Third Estate bear compared to the other estates?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the economic status across the estates?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the economic status across the estates?
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What was one of the main motivations for the merchants during this period?
What was one of the main motivations for the merchants during this period?
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What event is marked by the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?
What event is marked by the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?
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Which principle is NOT included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
Which principle is NOT included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
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What type of government was established by the Constitution of 1791?
What type of government was established by the Constitution of 1791?
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Who had the right to vote for lawmakers according to the Constitution of 1791?
Who had the right to vote for lawmakers according to the Constitution of 1791?
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What slogan became synonymous with the principles outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
What slogan became synonymous with the principles outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
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Which of the following was a limitation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
Which of the following was a limitation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
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What administrative change did the Constitution of 1791 implement regarding local governance?
What administrative change did the Constitution of 1791 implement regarding local governance?
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What did peasants and merchants primarily seek during the early stages of the French Revolution?
What did peasants and merchants primarily seek during the early stages of the French Revolution?
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Study Notes
Storming of the Bastille
- Occurred on July 14, 1789, in Paris, France.
- Parisians sought weapons and gunpowder held within the fortress.
- Marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
- Symbolized the fall of absolute monarchy.
- Over 800 Parisians gathered outside the Bastille.
- The commander refused entry and fired upon the crowd.
- After the battle, the mob broke through the defenses.
- The commander and five guards were killed, and seven prisoners were freed.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- Issued in August 1789 by the National Assembly.
- Key principle: All men are born free and equal in rights.
- Natural rights include liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression.
- Government's purpose: To protect citizen's natural rights.
- All male citizens equal before the law.
- Legal Protections: No imprisonment without due process. Freedom of religion guaranteed. Taxes based on ability to pay.
- Slogan: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity".
- Limitations: Didn't grant equal rights to women.
Constitution of 1791
- Created a limited monarchy (constitutional monarchy).
- Legislative Assembly: Made laws, collected taxes, and decided on war/peace.
- Lawmakers elected by tax-paying male citizens above 25.
- Administrative changes: Replaced provinces with 83 equal-sized departments.
- Abolished old provincial courts, Reformed laws.
- Ensured equality before the law for all male citizens.
- Ended church interference in government.
- Reflected Enlightenment ideals.
- Limited political participation to propertied men.
Peasant and Merchant Desires
- Peasants: Relief from heavy taxes, feudal dues, more land, fair land distribution, protection from shortages, abolition of feudal privileges, equal rights.
- Merchants: Increased political representation, removal of trade barriers/guild restrictions, more economic opportunities, equal taxation (for everyone), government/financial reforms.
Social Divisions in France (Estates)
- First Estate: Clergy (0.5% population), owned 10% of the land, exempt from most taxes, provided social services, collected tithe. Divided into higher (noble) and lower clergy (common).
- Second Estate: Nobility (1.5% population), owned ~20% of land, exempt from most taxes, privileged positions in government, military, and church, collected feudal dues. Divided into wealthy and poor nobles.
- Third Estate: Commoners (98% population). Bourgeoisie (middle class), Peasants (majority, poor farmers), and Urban workers (artisans, laborers, unemployed). Paid most of taxes, had limited political rights.
- Key Differences: Taxation, political representation, social mobility, economic status. Significant disparity between the wealthier First and Second Estates and the Third Estate.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pivotal events of the French Revolution, including the Storming of the Bastille and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Explore how these events marked the decline of monarchy and the establishment of civil rights in France. Are you ready to delve into the history and significance of 1789?
