Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the main goal of the Third Estate when they formed the National Assembly?
Which of the following best describes the main goal of the Third Estate when they formed the National Assembly?
The French Revolution was primarily caused by the economic prosperity of the French people.
The French Revolution was primarily caused by the economic prosperity of the French people.
False
What was the name of the oath taken by members of the third estate in Versailles?
What was the name of the oath taken by members of the third estate in Versailles?
Tennis Court Oath or Jeu de Paume Oath
The storming of the _________ in Paris was a pivotal moment marking the start of the French Revolution.
The storming of the _________ in Paris was a pivotal moment marking the start of the French Revolution.
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Match the following events with their descriptions:
Match the following events with their descriptions:
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What best describes the political system of France after the National Assembly was accepted by King Louis XVI in 1789?
What best describes the political system of France after the National Assembly was accepted by King Louis XVI in 1789?
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The American Revolution had no influence on the French Revolution.
The American Revolution had no influence on the French Revolution.
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What were the two major crises that caused the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?
What were the two major crises that caused the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?
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Which of the following was NOT a change implemented by the National Constituent Assembly?
Which of the following was NOT a change implemented by the National Constituent Assembly?
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The Jacobin Convention established the Reign of Terror to protect against the Austrian invasion.
The Jacobin Convention established the Reign of Terror to protect against the Austrian invasion.
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What was the name of the coup that ended the Jacobin government?
What was the name of the coup that ended the Jacobin government?
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The moderate bourgeoisie regained control of the Revolution during the period known as the ______.
The moderate bourgeoisie regained control of the Revolution during the period known as the ______.
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Which leader gained power as a result of the Coup of 18 Brumaire?
Which leader gained power as a result of the Coup of 18 Brumaire?
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The Constitution of 1799 reinforced the separation of powers and included a declaration of rights.
The Constitution of 1799 reinforced the separation of powers and included a declaration of rights.
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Match the following phases of the French Revolution with their respective time periods:
Match the following phases of the French Revolution with their respective time periods:
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What new system of measurement was introduced during the French Revolution to facilitate trade?
What new system of measurement was introduced during the French Revolution to facilitate trade?
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What was the main purpose of the National Guard, formed during the French Revolution?
What was the main purpose of the National Guard, formed during the French Revolution?
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The radical phase of the French Revolution was led by the ______.
The radical phase of the French Revolution was led by the ______.
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Study Notes
French Revolution Causes
- Enlightenment and American Revolution inspired new social and government models, sparking revolution in France.
- Social and economic crisis:
- Peasants (80% population) resented heavy taxes and feudal lords' rents.
- Bourgeoisie sought to end noble and clergy privileges.
- Economic crisis from poor harvests, rising food prices (especially bread), and widespread discontent.
- Financial crisis from monarchy's lack of funds; ministers proposed privileged classes pay taxes, but they refused and demanded Estates-General.
French Revolution Outbreak (1789)
- Estates-General met in Versailles, composed of nobility, clergy, and Third Estate.
- Third Estate representatives formed National Assembly after being excluded, vowing to create a constitution.
- Storming of the Bastille prison, revolt spreading to countryside (Great Fear/le grand peur).
- King Louis XVI accepted National Assembly, establishing France as a constitutional monarchy.
Constitutional Monarchy (1789-1792)
- Moderate bourgeoisie sought agreement with king and privileged classes for constitutional monarchy.
- National Constituent Assembly:
- Abolished feudalism, declared rights of man and citizen (individual rights, freedoms, legal equality).
- Established constitution (1791) based on separation of powers, national sovereignty, and legal equality; included king's veto power and census suffrage (voting based on wealth).
- Forged Legislative Assembly; Passed new laws to implement liberalism, taxes on nobility, and abolished guilds.
- Created National Guard to defend revolution.
- Confiscated Church property to solve financial crisis.
- Royal family and privileged classes rejected changes, sought outside help, and attempted escape; Austrian army invaded.
National Convention (1792-1794)
- King's betrayal and invasion led to popular revolt (sans-culottes).
- Tuileries Palace stormed, king imprisoned, republic declared.
- Girondin and Jacobin Conventions:
- Jacobins (most radical bourgeoisie) took control and revolution entered its most extreme phase.
- Committee of Public Safety, led by Robespierre, gained power (Reign of Terror).
- Mass levy forced all citizens to join army to oppose Austrian invasion.
- To suppress opposition, Reign of Terror; suspended freedoms, imprisoned, and executed opponents by guillotine (Law of Suspects).
- Introduced social laws: price and wage controls, distributed counter-revolutionaries' assets, sold Church lands, compulsory education.
- Jacobin government overthrown by coup of Thermidor (1794).
Directory (1795-1799)
- Moderate bourgeoisie regained control; Jacobin laws canceled, exiles returned.
- New constitution (1795) granted executive power to Directory (collegial government), restoring census suffrage.
- Directory unstable: opposition from aristocracy (wanted monarchy) and sans-culottes (supported Jacobins).
- Napoleon Bonaparte led coup (Coup of 18 Brumaire) ending Directory.
- Introduced metric system for trade.
Napoleonic France
- Napoleon Bonaparte, from noble family, rose through military ranks.
Consulate (1799-1804)
- Napoleon named consul after coup d’état.
- Autocratic, authoritarian rule, aimed to end revolution's instability, consolidate some principles, and promote economic recovery for bourgeoisie.
- Constitution of 1799 lacked separation of powers and declaration of rights.
- State organized into departments, run by prefects implementing policies.
Napoleonic Empire (1804-1815)
- Napoleon crowned Emperor (1804).
- French armies conquered much of Europe.
- Defeats of Austria and Russia at Austerlitz (1806).
- French invasion of Spain (1808); José Bonaparte, king.
- Napoleonic Empire reached zenith in 1812.
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Description
Explore the critical factors leading to the French Revolution and the emergence of a constitutional monarchy. This quiz covers the Enlightenment influences, social unrest, and the pivotal events of 1789 that reshaped France. Test your understanding of these transformative moments in history.
