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Questions and Answers
The French declared war on Britain and Holland in 1792.
The French declared war on Britain and Holland in 1792.
False
Napoleon Bonaparte was a successful naval commander.
Napoleon Bonaparte was a successful naval commander.
False
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by firing squad.
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by firing squad.
False
Horatio Nelson died before the Battle of Trafalgar.
Horatio Nelson died before the Battle of Trafalgar.
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The American Declaration of Independence influenced the French Revolution.
The American Declaration of Independence influenced the French Revolution.
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Napoleon Bonaparte ruled France as a military dictator from 1793.
Napoleon Bonaparte ruled France as a military dictator from 1793.
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The Napoleonic Wars ended with the treaties signed at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
The Napoleonic Wars ended with the treaties signed at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
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The Luddites were a group of workers who supported the use of factory machinery.
The Luddites were a group of workers who supported the use of factory machinery.
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The Duke of Wellington led the French army during the Napoleonic Wars.
The Duke of Wellington led the French army during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Napoleon surrendered in 1815 after his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
Napoleon surrendered in 1815 after his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
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The Peterloo Massacre was a violent suppression of a peaceful protest in London in 1819.
The Peterloo Massacre was a violent suppression of a peaceful protest in London in 1819.
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Study Notes
French Revolution
- The Enlightenment principles inspired the French Revolution in 1789, proclaiming social equality and natural rights, similar to the American Declaration of Independence.
- The French abolished the monarchy in 1792, declaring their country a republic.
- King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by guillotine, along with hundreds of 'enemies of the revolution', causing disillusionment and horror among intellectuals.
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
- Napoleon Bonaparte, a talented young general, had a series of dramatic victories, and by 1797, was effectively ruling France as a military dictator.
- France declared war on Britain and Holland in 1793, but had a weak navy.
- Napoleon's victories on land were not matched by victories at sea.
British Resistance
- British admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French and Spanish in a decisive battle off Cape Trafalgar in 1805, becoming Britain's hero.
- Nelson died during the fighting.
- The British and their allies took ten more years to defeat the French on land.
Napoleonic Wars
- The first Duke of Wellington commanded the army to victories in Portugal, while Napoleon led a disastrous invasion of Russia.
- Napoleon surrendered in 1814 but escaped from exile, leading France for a further '100 days', which ended in his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
- The Napoleonic Wars ended with the treaties signed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Reaction in Britain
- Fear inspired by the French Revolution led to a harsh reaction against civil unrest in Britain.
- The Luddites, a group of workers, destroyed factory machinery, fearing job losses, and were suppressed by the army in 1811-1812.
- A peaceful protest in Manchester in 1819, known as the Peterloo Massacre, was violently put down by the army.
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Description
Learn about the French Revolution, its causes, and its effects on society, including the abolition of the monarchy and the rise of Napoleon.
