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Questions and Answers
The French declared war on Britain and Holland in 1792.
False
Napoleon Bonaparte was a successful naval commander.
False
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by firing squad.
False
Horatio Nelson died before the Battle of Trafalgar.
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The American Declaration of Independence influenced the French Revolution.
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Napoleon Bonaparte ruled France as a military dictator from 1793.
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The Napoleonic Wars ended with the treaties signed at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
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The Luddites were a group of workers who supported the use of factory machinery.
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The Duke of Wellington led the French army during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Napoleon surrendered in 1815 after his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
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The Peterloo Massacre was a violent suppression of a peaceful protest in London in 1819.
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Study Notes
French Revolution
- The Enlightenment principles inspired the French Revolution in 1789, proclaiming social equality and natural rights, similar to the American Declaration of Independence.
- The French abolished the monarchy in 1792, declaring their country a republic.
- King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by guillotine, along with hundreds of 'enemies of the revolution', causing disillusionment and horror among intellectuals.
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
- Napoleon Bonaparte, a talented young general, had a series of dramatic victories, and by 1797, was effectively ruling France as a military dictator.
- France declared war on Britain and Holland in 1793, but had a weak navy.
- Napoleon's victories on land were not matched by victories at sea.
British Resistance
- British admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French and Spanish in a decisive battle off Cape Trafalgar in 1805, becoming Britain's hero.
- Nelson died during the fighting.
- The British and their allies took ten more years to defeat the French on land.
Napoleonic Wars
- The first Duke of Wellington commanded the army to victories in Portugal, while Napoleon led a disastrous invasion of Russia.
- Napoleon surrendered in 1814 but escaped from exile, leading France for a further '100 days', which ended in his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
- The Napoleonic Wars ended with the treaties signed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Reaction in Britain
- Fear inspired by the French Revolution led to a harsh reaction against civil unrest in Britain.
- The Luddites, a group of workers, destroyed factory machinery, fearing job losses, and were suppressed by the army in 1811-1812.
- A peaceful protest in Manchester in 1819, known as the Peterloo Massacre, was violently put down by the army.
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Description
Learn about the French Revolution, its causes, and its effects on society, including the abolition of the monarchy and the rise of Napoleon.
