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Questions and Answers
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789?
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789?
Which figure is commonly associated with the radical phase of the French Revolution?
Which figure is commonly associated with the radical phase of the French Revolution?
What was the main purpose of the National Assembly formed during the French Revolution?
What was the main purpose of the National Assembly formed during the French Revolution?
In what year did Napoleon Bonaparte become Emperor of the French?
In what year did Napoleon Bonaparte become Emperor of the French?
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Which of the following was a consequence of the French Revolution?
Which of the following was a consequence of the French Revolution?
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What significant event occurred in France in 1789 that is linked to the uprising against monarchy?
What significant event occurred in France in 1789 that is linked to the uprising against monarchy?
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Which of the following years marked an important turning point during the period of the French Revolution and Napoleon?
Which of the following years marked an important turning point during the period of the French Revolution and Napoleon?
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During which period did the events leading to the French Revolution take place?
During which period did the events leading to the French Revolution take place?
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What political structure was created by revolutionaries during the French Revolution prior to Napoleon's rise?
What political structure was created by revolutionaries during the French Revolution prior to Napoleon's rise?
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Which of the following events directly contributed to the societal upheaval that led to the French Revolution?
Which of the following events directly contributed to the societal upheaval that led to the French Revolution?
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Study Notes
French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815)
- The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille.
- King Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the Reign of Terror.
- Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799 through a coup d'état.
- Napoleon declared himself emperor in 1804 and established a vast European empire.
- Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
World Events (1789-1815)
- George Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the United States in 1789.
- Great Britain seized the Cape Colony from the Dutch in 1795.
- The opium trade started in China around 1800.
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti) gained independence in 1804.
- Mexico declared independence in 1810.
- The War of 1812 ended between Great Britain and the United States.
Setting the Stage for the French Revolution
- France was considered the most advanced European country in the 1700s.
- France had a large population and a thriving foreign trade.
- French culture was highly regarded internationally.
- The appearance of success was deceptive, hiding underlying issues like high taxes, high prices, and increasing social tensions.
- Philosophers like Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire, with their ideas about liberty and equality, challenged existing social structures.
The Old Order (Ancien Régime)
- French society was divided into three estates.
- The First Estate: Clergy (Roman Catholic Church), 0.5% of the population, 10% of the land. Had significant wealth and power but were exempt from paying taxes.
- The Second Estate: Nobility, 2% of the population, 20% of the land. Also exempt from most taxes.
- The Third Estate: Everyone else (including the bourgeoisie, artisans, workers, and peasants), 97% of the population. Paid most of the taxes and had little political power.
The Third Estate
- Composed mainly of the bourgeoisie (middle class), workers, and peasants.
- The bourgeoisie, well-educated and involved in trade and industry, believed in Enlightenment ideals, challenging the privileges of the other two estates.
- Workers and peasants suffered from high prices, high taxes, and widespread poverty.
- The resentment towards the privileged estates fueled the Revolution.
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