Podcast
Questions and Answers
Several key concepts emerged from the Enlightenment. Which of the following best captures the nuanced view of rights and equality prevalent during this period?
Several key concepts emerged from the Enlightenment. Which of the following best captures the nuanced view of rights and equality prevalent during this period?
- Support for individual rights and equality, but primarily for men, alongside free market capitalism. (correct)
- Rejection of monarchy and embrace of a system where power is distributed without specific regard to individual rights.
- Advocacy for individual rights and equality for all people, regardless of gender or social status.
- Emphasis on distributing power equally among all social classes, dismantling the monarchy completely.
Considering the sequence of major revolutions, which of the following reflects the correct chronological order?
Considering the sequence of major revolutions, which of the following reflects the correct chronological order?
- French, American, Haitian, Latin American
- American, French, Haitian, Latin American (correct)
- American, French, Latin American, Haitian
- Haitian, American, French, Latin American
The motto 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity' encapsulates the core values of which revolution?
The motto 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity' encapsulates the core values of which revolution?
- Haitian Revolution
- Latin American Revolution
- French Revolution (correct)
- American Revolution
Which description accurately identifies Louis XVI and his role in the French Revolution?
Which description accurately identifies Louis XVI and his role in the French Revolution?
The Old Regime in 18th-century Europe was characterized by what?
The Old Regime in 18th-century Europe was characterized by what?
In pre-revolutionary France, the Third Estate comprised approximately 25 million people. What distinguished them from the other estates?
In pre-revolutionary France, the Third Estate comprised approximately 25 million people. What distinguished them from the other estates?
How did absolutism contribute to the French Revolution?
How did absolutism contribute to the French Revolution?
Poor harvests were a long-term cause of the French Revolution, because they resulted in what?
Poor harvests were a long-term cause of the French Revolution, because they resulted in what?
What role did bankruptcy play as a short-term cause of the French Revolution?
What role did bankruptcy play as a short-term cause of the French Revolution?
How did fear and famine contribute as short-term causes of the French Revolution?
How did fear and famine contribute as short-term causes of the French Revolution?
Flashcards
Enlightenment Ideas
Enlightenment Ideas
No absolute monarchy, distributing power, individual rights (for men), equality (for men), and free market capitalism.
Revolutions Order
Revolutions Order
American, French, Haitian, Latin American.
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
French Revolution.
Louis XVI
Louis XVI
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Robespierre
Robespierre
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar
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The Old Regime
The Old Regime
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French Estates
French Estates
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Study Notes
- The Enlightenment produced ideas such as no absolute monarchy, distributing power, individual rights (but only for men), equality (but only for men), and free market capitalism
- Correct order of the four revolutions: American, French, Haitian, and Latin American
- "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" was the motto of the French Revolution
Key People
- Louis XVI: French king, absolute monarch during the French Revolution, executed as a traitor
- Robespierre: Led the French Revolution, started the Reign of Terror, and was later executed
- Napoleon: French officer, military genius, became emperor after the revolution
- Toussaint de L'Ouverture: Haitian slave who led the Haitian Revolution
- Simon Bolivar: Venezuelan officer, led the Venezuelan Revolution, affecting other Latin American revolutions
The Old Regime
- The Old Regime was the socio-political system in most of Europe during the 18th century
- It was centered around absolutism
- Society was split between the privileged (didn't pay taxes) and the unprivileged (forced to work and pay taxes)
Estates
- First Estate: Clergy, 130,000 people, owned 20% of the land, paid no taxes
- Second Estate: Nobility, 110,000 people, owned 20% of the land, paid no taxes
- Third Estate: Commoners, 25 million people, paid all taxes, had no privileges
Long-Term Causes of the French Revolution
- Absolutism: Forced to praise someone out of fear, concentrating power in the monarchy
- Old Regime: The system was unfair and unseen by the people
- Poor harvests: Led to starvation and less money, making it impossible to pay taxes
- Enlightenment: Gave hope for change by providing new beliefs that included equality and liberty
Short-Term Causes of the French Revolution
- Bankruptcy: Not enough money to pay taxes, with wasteful spending on luxuries
- Fear/Famine: Hungry peasants feared the other estates gaining better privileges and being attacked
- Estates General: The King called them to solve bankruptcy, which was the starting point for events leading to the revolution
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