Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the reason why English words for food have French origins?
What is the reason why English words for food have French origins?
What is the term for the formation of words with different meanings due to borrowing from different French dialects?
What is the term for the formation of words with different meanings due to borrowing from different French dialects?
What is the result of adding English prefixes to French words?
What is the result of adding English prefixes to French words?
What aspect of English language has been most influenced by French?
What aspect of English language has been most influenced by French?
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What is the result of adding French suffixes to English words?
What is the result of adding French suffixes to English words?
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What was the main cause of French influence on the English language?
What was the main cause of French influence on the English language?
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Which of the following words related to government and administration is NOT of French origin?
Which of the following words related to government and administration is NOT of French origin?
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What was the area where French influence was most pronounced in the English language?
What was the area where French influence was most pronounced in the English language?
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What was the original language of the word 'religion'?
What was the original language of the word 'religion'?
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Which of the following words related to law is of Scandinavian origin?
Which of the following words related to law is of Scandinavian origin?
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Study Notes
French Influence on the English Language
- The Norman Conquest of 1066 led to French becoming the language of the English court, parliament, church, and educational institutions.
- French influence on English vocabulary was significant, especially in government and administration:
- Words related to governance: crown, state, government, govern, reign, realm, sovereign, country, minister, council, authority, and parliament.
- Words related to feudal system: fief, feudal, vassel, Liege.
- Words related to nobility: prince, peer, duke, duchess, viscount, baron.
Legal and Religious Influences
- French influence extended to legal and religious domains:
- Words related to law and justice: justice, just, judge, jury, court, defendant, plea, traitor, injury.
- Words related to religion: religion, theology, service, sermon, baptism, prayer, preach, altar, angel.
Culinary and Leisure Influences
- French influence on English cuisine:
- Words related to food: beef, veal, mutton, venison, sauce, boil, fry, toast, roast, soup, jelly, pastry.
- French refinement and elegance influenced English words related to leisure:
- Words related to pleasure and comfort: joy, pleasure, delight, ease, comfort.
- Words related to fine arts: art, beauty, ornament, colour, pillar.
- Words related to games and sports: sport, chase, falcon, scent, cards, chess.
Linguistic Phenomena
- The phenomenon of doublets arose from borrowing French words in different ages:
- Examples: catch vs. chase, warden vs. guardian, launch vs. lance, chief vs. chef, route vs. rout, wage vs. gage.
- Hybridism occurred through the combination of English and French elements:
- Examples: adding English prefixes to French words (around, because, forefront, outreach, overpower, unable).
- Examples: adding English suffixes to French words (serving, gentleness, courtly, beautiful, falsehood, courtship).
- Examples: adding French prefixes to English words (embolden, mistake, demi-god).
- Examples: adding French suffixes to English words (shepherdess, breakage, endearment, bearable, murderous).
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Description
Explore how French cuisine influenced English food terminology, with examples from Ivanhoe and common food words borrowed from French.
