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Questions and Answers
Who fought during the French and Indian War?
Who fought during the French and Indian War?
France and Britain fought against each other, with Native Americans helping France.
What was the French and Indian War also referred to as?
What was the French and Indian War also referred to as?
The Seven Years' War.
What territory did France expand into?
What territory did France expand into?
Ohio River.
What territories did France control when the war began?
What territories did France control when the war began?
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When did the fighting between the French and British begin?
When did the fighting between the French and British begin?
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Who fought as allies against the British at the start of the French and Indian War?
Who fought as allies against the British at the start of the French and Indian War?
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By the time the war broke out, which region did France control?
By the time the war broke out, which region did France control?
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What sparked the beginning of the war?
What sparked the beginning of the war?
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What was the status of English troops when the war began?
What was the status of English troops when the war began?
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What happened to the British in the first few years of the war?
What happened to the British in the first few years of the war?
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Who became Britain's Secretary of State in 1756?
Who became Britain's Secretary of State in 1756?
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What did William Pitt allocate more resources for?
What did William Pitt allocate more resources for?
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What did William Pitt do to help finance the war?
What did William Pitt do to help finance the war?
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Which battles were won by the British?
Which battles were won by the British?
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What happened as the war progressed concerning Native American alliances?
What happened as the war progressed concerning Native American alliances?
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Which battle did the British win in 1759?
Which battle did the British win in 1759?
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What happened the following year after the battle of the Plains of Abraham?
What happened the following year after the battle of the Plains of Abraham?
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When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
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What did France officially give up with the Treaty of Paris?
What did France officially give up with the Treaty of Paris?
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What change occurred for English colonists after the French and Indian War?
What change occurred for English colonists after the French and Indian War?
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What was a consequence of the expense of the French and Indian War for the British?
What was a consequence of the expense of the French and Indian War for the British?
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What did the war emphasize between Englishmen and colonists?
What did the war emphasize between Englishmen and colonists?
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Where did the events that sparked the French and Indian War originate?
Where did the events that sparked the French and Indian War originate?
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What was the time frame for the French and Indian War?
What was the time frame for the French and Indian War?
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Who was George Washington?
Who was George Washington?
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What is a militia?
What is a militia?
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What was the purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754?
What was the purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754?
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What characterizes an alliance?
What characterizes an alliance?
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Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
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Study Notes
Combatants in the War
- The French and Indian War involved France and Britain as the primary combatants.
- Native Americans allied with France to resist land encroachment by the British.
Overview of the Conflict
- The war occurred in North America from 1756 to 1763 and is also known as the Seven Years' War.
- Tensions escalated as France expanded into the Ohio River region.
Territorial Control
- At the war's start, France possessed the Louisiana Territory and Canada.
- By the outbreak of war, France controlled most of eastern Canada.
Timeline of Events
- Initial fighting began in 1754, with formal war declaration occurring in 1756.
- Disputes over the Ohio Territory triggered the conflict.
Military Dynamics
- British forces initially outnumbered the French, but Native American tribes supported the French due to land concerns.
- Early in the war, British forces suffered defeats against French and Native American forces.
Political Changes
- William Pitt became Britain's Secretary of State in 1756, significantly altering the war's trajectory.
- Pitt increased funding and resources for the British campaign in North America.
Battle Outcomes
- British forces successfully captured several French forts due to resource enhancements.
- Naval battles favored the British, leading to improved control at sea.
Shifts in Alliances
- As the conflict progressed, Native American allies began to withdraw support for the French, benefiting the British.
- The British victory at the Plains of Abraham in 1759 led to their occupation of Quebec.
Conclusion of the War
- Control of Montreal was achieved the following year, signaling the war's effective end.
- The Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763, marking the official conclusion of the war.
Treaty Implications
- France ceded all territories in North America west of the Mississippi to Britain while retaining the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
- Post-war, English colonists were less reliant on British military support against France.
Financial Consequences
- The costly war prompted Britain to expect financial contributions from the American colonies through taxation.
- These expectations contributed to the tensions leading to the American Revolution.
Emerging National Identity
- The war highlighted distinctions between English citizens and American colonists, fostering aspirations for independence.
- Conflicts emerging from trade and land disputes with Native Americans set the stage for future hostilities.
Additional Key Figures
- George Washington, then a 21-year-old surveyor for the Virginia militia, later became the first President of the United States.
- The Albany Congress in 1754 sought to unify colonial efforts against the French, involving key colonies.
Concepts of Alliance
- Alliances formed throughout the conflict represented groups sharing mutual goals and collaborating against common adversaries.
Prominent Historical Figures
- Benjamin Franklin, a pivotal figure known for his roles as a diplomat, scientist, and writer, contributed to early American political dialogue.
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Test your knowledge on the French and Indian War through engaging flashcards. Explore who fought in the conflict and the context of the war, including the involvement of Native Americans. Perfect for history enthusiasts and students alike.
