French and Indian War Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Who fought during the French and Indian War?

France and Britain fought against each other, with Native Americans helping France.

What was the French and Indian War also referred to as?

The Seven Years' War.

What territory did France expand into?

Ohio River.

What territories did France control when the war began?

The Louisiana Territory and Canada. Signup and view all the answers

When did the fighting between the French and British begin?

In 1754. Signup and view all the answers

Who fought as allies against the British at the start of the French and Indian War?

The French and Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

By the time the war broke out, which region did France control?

Most of eastern Canada. Signup and view all the answers

What sparked the beginning of the war?

Disputes over Ohio Territory. Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of English troops when the war began?

They outnumbered the French. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the British in the first few years of the war?

The British were defeated many times. Signup and view all the answers

Who became Britain's Secretary of State in 1756?

William Pitt. Signup and view all the answers

What did William Pitt allocate more resources for?

To the British in North America for the war. Signup and view all the answers

What did William Pitt do to help finance the war?

He borrowed a lot of money. Signup and view all the answers

Which battles were won by the British?

Many battles on water. Signup and view all the answers

What happened as the war progressed concerning Native American alliances?

The Natives began to abandon the French. Signup and view all the answers

Which battle did the British win in 1759?

The battle of the Plains of Abraham. Signup and view all the answers

What happened the following year after the battle of the Plains of Abraham?

The British gained control of Montreal. Signup and view all the answers

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

On February 10th, 1763. Signup and view all the answers

What did France officially give up with the Treaty of Paris?

All its land in North America west of the Mississippi. Signup and view all the answers

What change occurred for English colonists after the French and Indian War?

They no longer required help from the British against the French. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the expense of the French and Indian War for the British?

The British expected the colonies to help cover the cost through taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What did the war emphasize between Englishmen and colonists?

The differences between them. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the events that sparked the French and Indian War originate?

In trade with Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What was the time frame for the French and Indian War?

1754-1763. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Washington?

A 21 year old surveyor for the Virginia militia. Signup and view all the answers

What is a militia?

A group of trained citizens who can serve in emergencies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754?

For colonists to unite and fight against the French. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an alliance?

A group that shares certain goals and agrees to work together. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benjamin Franklin?

A diplomat, scientist, writer, poet, printer, and political figure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Combatants in the War

The French and Indian War involved France and Britain as the primary combatants.
Native Americans allied with France to resist land encroachment by the British.

Overview of the Conflict

The war occurred in North America from 1756 to 1763 and is also known as the Seven Years' War.
Tensions escalated as France expanded into the Ohio River region.

Territorial Control

At the war's start, France possessed the Louisiana Territory and Canada.
By the outbreak of war, France controlled most of eastern Canada.

Timeline of Events

Initial fighting began in 1754, with formal war declaration occurring in 1756.
Disputes over the Ohio Territory triggered the conflict.

Military Dynamics

British forces initially outnumbered the French, but Native American tribes supported the French due to land concerns.
Early in the war, British forces suffered defeats against French and Native American forces.

Political Changes

William Pitt became Britain's Secretary of State in 1756, significantly altering the war's trajectory.
Pitt increased funding and resources for the British campaign in North America.

Battle Outcomes

British forces successfully captured several French forts due to resource enhancements.
Naval battles favored the British, leading to improved control at sea.

Shifts in Alliances

As the conflict progressed, Native American allies began to withdraw support for the French, benefiting the British.
The British victory at the Plains of Abraham in 1759 led to their occupation of Quebec.

Conclusion of the War

Control of Montreal was achieved the following year, signaling the war's effective end.
The Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763, marking the official conclusion of the war.

Treaty Implications

France ceded all territories in North America west of the Mississippi to Britain while retaining the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
Post-war, English colonists were less reliant on British military support against France.

Financial Consequences

The costly war prompted Britain to expect financial contributions from the American colonies through taxation.
These expectations contributed to the tensions leading to the American Revolution.

Emerging National Identity

The war highlighted distinctions between English citizens and American colonists, fostering aspirations for independence.
Conflicts emerging from trade and land disputes with Native Americans set the stage for future hostilities.

Additional Key Figures

George Washington, then a 21-year-old surveyor for the Virginia militia, later became the first President of the United States.
The Albany Congress in 1754 sought to unify colonial efforts against the French, involving key colonies.

Concepts of Alliance

Alliances formed throughout the conflict represented groups sharing mutual goals and collaborating against common adversaries.

Prominent Historical Figures

Benjamin Franklin, a pivotal figure known for his roles as a diplomat, scientist, and writer, contributed to early American political dialogue.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the French and Indian War through engaging flashcards. Explore who fought in the conflict and the context of the war, including the involvement of Native Americans. Perfect for history enthusiasts and students alike.