Freight Classifications Overview

Study Notes

Freight Classifications Overview

Freight class is primarily determined by density and value of the shipment.
There are 18 freight classes, ranging from Class 50 to Class 500.

Classifications Specifics

Class 50: Represents the highest density and lowest value, considered the lowest class.
Class 500: Indicates the lowest density and highest value, corresponding to the highest cost.

Key Characteristics Influencing Freight Class

Density: Calculated using Length x Width x Height (L x W x H).
Storability: Considers factors like hazardous materials, excessive weight, or length.
Handling: Looks at the need for special handling equipment (e.g., pallets).
Liability: Assesses the risk associated with the goods, including perishability and damage susceptibility.

Calculating Freight Density

Use the formula: Density = Mass / Volume.
Find dimensions and total weight of the shipment. Example: Length = 40 in, Width = 48 in, Height = 48 in, Total Weight = 425 lbs.
Calculate volume: 40 x 48 x 48 = 92,160 cubic inches. Convert to cubic feet: 92,160 / 1,728 = 53.33 cubic feet.
Determine density: 425 lbs / 53.33 cubic feet = 7.97 lbs/cubic foot.
Use density to find freight class: Class = 125 if density falls between 7 and 8.

Determining LTL Shipping Rates

Weight: Heavier shipments generally have lower per-hundred-pound rates.
Density: Total weight divided by cubic feet determines density.
Freight Class: 18 classes influence cost; lower classes mean lower rates.
Distance: Interlining may incur extra charges if outside standard service areas.
Base Rates: Unique to each LTL carrier, quoted per hundred pounds.
Freight All Kinds (FAK): Allows billing of varied goods under one class.
Minimums: Carriers set a minimum charge, below which rates will not apply.
Accessorials: Extra charges applied for additional services not detailed in the bill.

Freight Bill of Lading (BOL) Essentials

Names and Addresses: Clearly list shipper and receiver details.
Purchase Orders/References: Include any pertinent tracking numbers.
Special Instructions: Note specific requirements for carriers (e.g., liftgate needs).
Date: Essential for tracking and invoice reconciliation.
Description of Items: Document number of units, dimensions, weight, and material details.
Packaging Type: Specify the form of packaging used (e.g., cartons, pallets).
NMFC & Freight Class: Necessary for cost assessment based on various features.
Hazardous Material Designation: Clearly label hazardous items to comply with special regulations.

Description

This quiz covers the important aspects of freight classifications, focusing on density and value. You will learn about the 18 freight classes, from Class 50 to Class 500, and the key characteristics influencing these categories. Prepare to explore concepts like density calculation and factors affecting storability and handling.