Freehaul and Overhaul Calculations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum distance for freehaul before material is considered overhaul?

  • 1000 meters
  • 750 meters
  • 250 meters
  • 500 meters (correct)
  • How is overhaul distance measured?

  • To the nearest 0.01 km
  • To the nearest meter
  • To the nearest 1 km
  • To the nearest 0.001 km (correct)
  • Which layer is typically the strongest in layer works construction?

  • Sub-base
  • Formation level
  • Selected sub-grade
  • Base (correct)
  • What is the purpose of using sub-base materials in layer works?

    <p>To spread traffic loads to the sub-grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is classified as selected sub-grade in layer works?

    <p>Fair quality natural soils and sands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor in determining the design requirements for layer works?

    <p>Volume and characteristics of vehicular traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to occur if the layers in layer works do not increase in strength towards the top?

    <p>Formation materials may be overstressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calculation is essential for determining the quantity of materials needed for freehaul?

    <p>Total volume of material carted out of the freehaul range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of checking the layer for compliance after construction is complete?

    <p>To confirm adherence to the specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of material is often harvested from borrow pits?

    <p>Gravel and soil suitable for sub-grades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which machine is most effective for medium-haul distances in soft soils?

    <p>Scraper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is crucial when determining the volume of materials transported after excavation?

    <p>Compacted volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to remove the overburden at borrow pits?

    <p>To obtain access to suitable gravel beneath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor must be considered when calculating haul distances for front-end loaders?

    <p>Load size limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for economic hauling of materials?

    <p>Minimizing the distance materials are moved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is the transport volume measured as loose volume?

    <p>Immediately before placing the materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ensuring the correct volume of material is placed before compaction?

    <p>To ensure a uniform layer that meets specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the correct amount of water determined for mixing with the material?

    <p>By using the moisture content test method A7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the motor grader play in the construction process of layerworks?

    <p>It shapes the layer while mixing and contributes to uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the need for additional water to be sprayed onto the layer during compaction?

    <p>That optimal moisture levels must be maintained for effective compaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what instances might surplus material from cuts be utilized?

    <p>If it meets the specifications and there are surplus after fills are constructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the construction methods employing mechanized processes?

    <p>To enhance the precision and efficiency of layerworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are recommended for the base layer in a road construction project?

    <p>High-quality natural gravels or crushed rock based on traffic levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of TRH 14 guidelines in road construction?

    <p>Providing specifications for satisfactory layerworks materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Freehaul and Overhaul

    • Freehaul distance defined as 500m; material carted beyond this is termed overhaul.
    • Overhaul distance measured to the nearest 0.001 km.
    • Mass haul diagrams should indicate all freehaul sections and quantities at each section.
    • Total volume of material carted from cut to fill within freehaul range must be determined.
    • Quantities of overhaul need to be calculated at each section and totaled (m3.km).

    Layer Works Definition

    • Layerworks consist of layers above the formation level, including:
      • Selected sub-grade: one or two layers, 100-150 mm thick.
      • Sub-base: one or two layers, 100-150 mm thick.
      • Base layer: usually one layer, 100-150 mm thick.

    Design Requirements

    • Layer works must conform to design requirements based on expected vehicular traffic and loading capacity.
    • Strength of layers increases towards the top to accommodate greater wheel loads.
    • Proper load distribution: the base spreads loads to the sub-base, which further distributes loads to the sub-grade.

    Material Types for Layer Works

    • Selected sub-grade: Fair quality natural soils and sands with low plasticity; suitable surplus soil may be used.
    • Sub-base: Good quality natural or processed gravels, potentially stabilized with lime or cement.
    • Base: Suitably graded crushed rock or high-quality natural gravels for low-trafficked roads.

    Construction Methods

    • Mechanized construction entails placing the correct volume of material on approved layers.
    • Water is applied according to dry density/optimum moisture content, mixed using a motor grader.
    • Shaping and spreading occurs before compaction using suitable rollers.
    • Layer compliance checked by contractor's foreman and client's representative for production control.

    Cuttings and Borrow Pits

    • Construction materials sourced from cuttings or borrow pits, requiring ground clearing and topsoil stockpiling.
    • Unsuitable overburden removed from borrow pits prior to gravel extraction.
    • Dense gravels ripped by bulldozer for easier loading into trucks with front-end loaders.

    Transportation Efficiency

    • Transportation of materials should be optimized; machinery efficiency varies with haul distances:
      • Wheel-loaders effective for short hauls (up to 50m).
      • Bulldozers ideal for short-distance earthmoving (30m - 200m).
      • Scrapers suitable for medium hauls in soft soils and flat terrains (up to 1 km).

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    Description

    This quiz evaluates your understanding of freehaul and overhaul distances in construction projects. You will analyze a mass haul diagram, determine freehaul sections, calculate the total volume of material within the freehaul range, and assess the quantities of overhaul where applicable. Test your skills in earthwork calculation and improve your project management knowledge.

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