PHILOSOPHY QUIZ REVIEWER

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Questions and Answers

What is freedom according to the text?

An intrinsic and essential property of the person that allows them to make choices and perform actions.

Which of the following are considered essential qualities of Human Acts?

Voluntariness (correct)
Freedom (correct)
Unconsciousness
Knowledge of the act (correct)

What is the difference between physical freedom and psychological freedom?

Physical freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraint, while psychological freedom refers to the freedom of choice.

What does moral freedom refer to?

Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness, recognizing that freedom is not an object to be used arbitrarily but a responsibility to act in a way that promotes human flourishing. Signup and view all the answers

According to St. Thomas Aquinas, love is not an essential element of freedom.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Thomas Hobbes' Theory of Social Contract?

To end the continuous and self-destructive condition of warfare, humanity established the state with its sovereign power of control to ensure a peaceful and stable society. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Jean Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract?

Human beings need to form a civil community to safeguard against their natural tendency to conflict and war with one another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Jean Paul Sartre's existentialism?

Humans are the creators of their own destiny, choosing their path freely without being influenced by others, and are responsible for their choices and actions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two elements that define freedom, according to the text?

Voluntariness (the ability to act freely) and responsibility (being accountable for one's actions and their effects). Signup and view all the answers

What are the important factors to consider in exercising freedom?

Prudence and self-reflection are key factors, as they allow for cautious decision-making and the evaluation of one's choices to ensure they are rational and consider their potential impact on oneself and others. Signup and view all the answers

How should freedom be exercised to uphold the freedom of others?

It should be exercised in a way that supports and enables the freedom of others, ensuring that it is not used to restrict their rights. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main aspects of the consequences of choices?

Choices can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. (A), Choices can have both intended and unintended consequences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the 'giving up some things' aspect of the key aspects of the idea?

When making a choice, it is inevitable to let go of other potential outcomes or opportunities, as choosing one path often closes off others. It's a necessary consequence of exercising freedom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the 'obtaining some things' aspect of the key aspects of the idea?

Making choices can lead to gains or rewards, which can be tangible benefits like money or success, or intangible ones like personal fulfillment or spiritual growth, highlighting that choices can shape our lives and experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Define intersubjectivity.

Intersubjectivity is the shared perception of reality among two or more individuals, made possible by the awareness of the self and the other. Signup and view all the answers

Jean-Paul Sartre believed that our understanding of others is always based on our own preconceptions.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Define 'authentic dialogue' according to the text.

It is an encounter where individuals interact and relate to each other without imposing roles or assuming a predetermined perspective. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'authenticity' according to the text?

It involves being true to oneself and honest with oneself and others, having integrity and living in accordance with one's true self without pretense or conformity to external pressures. Signup and view all the answers

Explain 'authentic dialogue' according to Martin Buber.

It's more than just communication but involves a shared inquiry, a true meeting of minds and hearts, that aims to create a meaningful relationship between people. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the two modes of Buber's philosophy of being?

Ich-Du (I-Thou or I-You) dialogue emphasizes the unique encounter between individuals, while Ich-Es (I-It) monologue focuses on viewing others as objects or roles. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of the Ich-Du relationship.

It is seen as a fundamental aspect of authentic interaction where individuals meet in their true selves, without trying to define or categorize one another. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Ich-Es relationship?

It is a transactional, objectifying relationship where individuals are seen as objects or roles with functions and are not recognized as complete human beings. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of common good?

It refers to the social conditions that enable individuals and groups to fulfill their goals and achieve their well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the 'hunting and gathering society' and the 'pastoral society'?

The pastoral society involves the domestication of animals for food and has larger populations than the nomadic hunting and gathering society. Signup and view all the answers

The 'horticultural society' marked the beginning of a shift towards a more settled lifestyle with a greater emphasis on agriculture.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the 'agrarian' or 'agricultural society' differ from the 'pastoral' society?

It involved a further evolution of agricultural practices with large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops, improved technology, and the use of tools to increase production and meet the needs of a growing population. Signup and view all the answers

What were the key features of the 'feudal society'?

It was a hierarchical society based on land ownership, characterized by social relations based on status and dependence, with lords relying on vassals' services and resources, and vassals depending on peasants' labor. Signup and view all the answers

How did the 'industrial society' change the way people lived and worked?

It brought about significant technological advancements, particularly in the use of machinery to produce goods and services, leading to greater inequalities in wealth and social status, increased urbanization, and new forms of work and social relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four factors that influence individuals in society?

Norms, laws, folkways, and social values. Signup and view all the answers

How does society enable a person to become better?

Society provides opportunities for personal growth, education, and effective public service, which contributes to a more productive and fulfilling life. Signup and view all the answers

How does the reality of death define our lives?

Death acts as a reminder of the finite nature of life and the importance of living meaningfully and purposefully. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 'terminus' and 'telos' as concepts of the end of life?

'Terminus' refers to the end of a line, where life ceases and nothing follows, while 'telos' refers to the ultimate purpose or fulfillment of life. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sources of happiness according to the text?

Noble good, useful good, and pleasurable good. Signup and view all the answers

Why do we suffer?

Suffering arises from both physical discomfort and mental distress, encompassing experiences like pain, hunger, depression, anxiety, fear, and loneliness. Signup and view all the answers

How do happiness and suffering relate to the meaning of life?

They are distinct experiences, yet they are not completely opposite, as they can enrich one another. The pursuit of happiness often involves facing and overcoming difficulties. Signup and view all the answers

What was Socrates' view of the relationship between philosophy and life?

Socrates believed that engaging in a life of philosophy, characterized by critical self-examination and the pursuit of truth, was a worthy and meaningful way of life, even in the face of death. Signup and view all the answers

What is St. Thomas Aquinas' perspective on death?

He viewed death as a natural process, both from a physical and spiritual perspective, recognizing the soul's immortality and the impact of sin on the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text say about Seneca's view of death?

Seneca, a Roman philosopher, believed that death is natural to humans, but his understanding was limited because he lacked knowledge of the Scriptures and the original state of innocence. Signup and view all the answers

Explain John Paul II's perspective on Jesus' experience of death?

John Paul II emphasized that Jesus' death was a conscious and deliberate act of sacrifice, where his human soul was diminished but his spirit remained united with God. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the forms of death for man and the death of a soul?

The body is mortal, its natural tendency is towards death, while the soul is immortal and does not experience death in the same way as the body. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Freedom of the Human Person

The ability to make choices and perform actions with awareness, intention, and free will.

Human Acts

Actions performed consciously with awareness, deliberate intention, and free will.