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Questions and Answers
What will happen to an object in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force?
What will happen to an object in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force?
- It will start moving in a circle
- It will accelerate
- It will come to a stop
- It will stay in motion in a straight line (correct)
An object at rest stays at rest.
An object at rest stays at rest.
True (A)
What do free-body diagrams show?
What do free-body diagrams show?
Relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting on an object.
What can be said about gravity when an egg is free-falling from a nest?
What can be said about gravity when an egg is free-falling from a nest?
What forces act on a flying squirrel gliding to the ground?
What forces act on a flying squirrel gliding to the ground?
An unbalanced force exists when the vertical and horizontal forces do not ______.
An unbalanced force exists when the vertical and horizontal forces do not ______.
What does the second law of motion state?
What does the second law of motion state?
What happens to a football moving upwards toward its peak?
What happens to a football moving upwards toward its peak?
What effects act on a car coasting down a hill?
What effects act on a car coasting down a hill?
What does the third law of motion state?
What does the third law of motion state?
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Study Notes
Newton's Laws of Motion
- An object in motion continues in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- An object at rest will remain at rest until acted upon by an external force.
- Unbalanced forces result when vertical and horizontal forces do not cancel each other out.
Free Body Diagrams (FBD)
- Free body diagrams illustrate the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on an object.
- Useful for visualizing how different forces interact in various scenarios.
Force Interaction Examples
- Book on a Table: The forces acting on a stationary book include gravitational force downward and normal force upward.
- Flying Squirrel: Gravity pulls down while air resistance acts upward during a glide at constant velocity.
- Falling Egg: In free fall, gravity is the sole force acting on the egg (air resistance ignored).
- Moving Book: An applied rightward force moves the book; friction acts leftward. Gravity and normal forces are also present.
- Skydiver: Gravity pulls down while air resistance counteracts the force during descent with constant velocity.
- Man Dragging Sled: Rightward applied force is countered by friction leftward; gravity and normal forces also apply.
- Upward Moving Football: Only the force of gravity acts as it rises (no air resistance considered).
- Coasting Car: Gravity and normal forces act on a car, with additional friction opposing motion downhill.
Newton's Laws Recap
- 1st Law: An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
- 2nd Law: Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).
- 3rd Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning forces occur in pairs.
Important Concepts
- Air resistance can significantly affect the motion of falling or gliding objects.
- Friction is a critical force countering motion in various scenarios, affecting the applied forces.
- Understanding these principles is essential for analyzing motion and forces in physical systems.
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