Frankenstein Narrative Structures
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Questions and Answers

How do the narrative frames in Frankenstein promote both similarity and difference?

The frames facilitate an appreciation of perspectival similarities while still highlighting the individual qualities of each viewpoint.

What metaphor is frequently used to describe the structural complexity of Frankenstein’s narrative?

Frankenstein's narrative structure is often compared to a 'Chinese box' or Russian nesting dolls.

What does Roland Barthes mean by 'semes' in relation to character formation?

Semen refers to the traits or situations that form the units of signification of a character, emphasizing that names, rather than psychological detail, are key to character identity.

What rhetorical style characterizes the three major narrators in the novel?

<p>The narrators employ a markedly formal and declamatory narrative style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Walton’s relationship with his characters reflect his own narrative depth?

<p>Walton's weak identification with his characters indicates that his own depth and detail cannot compensate for the subordinate status of his characters in the narration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Walton’s narration reflect his emotional engagement with Victor?

<p>Walton describes Victor with grand, metaphorical language, suggesting deep admiration and emotional investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement that a protagonist must recognize the interiority of other characters?

<p>It implies that for a character to be fully regarded as a protagonist, the narrator must not only convey his own complexity but also acknowledge and portray the depth of other characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional reaction does Victor display upon seeing his creature?

<p>Victor exclaims, 'Oh! no mortal could support the horror of that countenance,' showing his extreme horror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a character's centrality inhibit successful protagonist status in 'Frankenstein'?

<p>A character who is too central can obstruct the reader's ability to identify with other characters, leading to a less effective narrative engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism do scholars make about the narrative voice in Frankenstein?

<p>Critics argue that the frame narration obscures specific stylistic markers of each character's voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'imaginative sympathy' refer to in the context of character identification?

<p>Imaginative sympathy refers to the empathetic engagement and emotional connection readers feel towards characters, often based on their complex characterizations within the narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the distinct personas of the narrators in the context of the novel's framing?

<p>The overlap of voices suggests a blurring of the characters' discrete narrating personas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the narrative structure of 'Frankenstein' affect reader identification with characters?

<p>The narrative structure fosters a negotiation between character selection, differentiation, and the reader's moral desire to sympathize with a range of characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the tonal similarities between the frame narrations?

<p>The tonal similarities highlight an incompatibility among the perspectives that enriches the narrative complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do character names play in Walton's narrative, according to Barthes?

<p>Character names play a crucial role in providing a 'precious remainder' that signifies more than just a collection of traits, enhancing the characters' depth in the story.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does 'Frankenstein' disrupt typical reader tendencies regarding character identification?

<p>The novel disrupts these tendencies by challenging readers to identify with characters beyond just the one who speaks the most or appears frequently, thereby broadening the scope of empathetic engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Shelley’s narrative structure in Frankenstein expand the concept of protagonism beyond a single character?

<p>Shelley’s structure allows multiple narrators, particularly the creature, to share their interiority and experiences, enabling a broader identification with seemingly minor characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the creature play in demonstrating the potential of protagonism in Frankenstein?

<p>The creature exemplifies protagonism by showcasing his own depth of consciousness while also illuminating the rich interiority of other characters, promoting empathy and reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does Frankenstein encourage the audience to evaluate the narrators' practices of protagonism?

<p>The novel prompts comparisons between the narrators' abilities to perceive and articulate the internal lives of others, emphasizing the fluidity of protagonism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the concept of character space, as presented by Alex Woloch, relates to the theme of protagonism in Frankenstein.

<p>Woloch's concept of character space highlights how characters compete for narrative attention, which Frankenstein subverts by allowing minor characters to invoke significant reader interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do E.M. Forster’s categories of 'round' and 'flat' characters apply to the discussion of protagonism in the context of Frankenstein?

<p>Forster's categories illustrate the complexity of character representation in Frankenstein, as minor characters display depth and personality typically attributed to 'round' characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of comparing multiple narrators in Frankenstein with respect to reader engagement?

<p>Comparing multiple narrators enhances reader engagement by fostering a contemplative detachment that prompts reflection on the varying perceptions of characters' inner lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how seemingly secondary characters in Frankenstein can evoke reader interest despite their minor roles.

<p>Secondary characters evoke interest through their unique personalities and emotional depth, which the creature's narration vividly captures and conveys to the reader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fluid nature of protagonism suggest about character significance in narrative structures like Frankenstein?

<p>The fluid nature of protagonism suggests that character significance can shift and be shared, indicating that all characters can contribute meaningfully to the narrative, regardless of traditional classifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does external focalization differ from internal focalization in the context of the novel's narrative frames?

<p>External focalization foregrounds a character’s viewpoint while preserving a distinction between the focalizer and the character, unlike internal focalization which merges their perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Elizabeth’s perspective play in her description of Justine Moritz?

<p>Elizabeth’s perspective maintains a hierarchy by characterizing Justine as an object of interest while emphasizing her own viewpoint over Justine's.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Justine Moritz's narration following Elizabeth's letter?

<p>Justine's internal focalization reveals her true feelings and depth, transforming her from a mere plot device into a poignant character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the creature's representation of Felix's thoughts differ from Elizabeth’s portrayal of Justine?

<p>The creature’s representation blurs personal perspectives, while Elizabeth’s portrayal maintains a clear distinction between her viewpoint and Justine’s character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Justine's confession reveal about her character in relation to the perceptions of others?

<p>Justine’s confession signifies how deeply the perceptions of others shape her identity and moral conflict, showcasing her internal struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Justine's fate serve as a foreshadowing element in the narrative?

<p>Justine’s imminent accusation and execution foreshadow the tragic consequences of Victor's ambition and the creature's quest for revenge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What thematic elements are presented through the characterization of Justine in Elizabeth’s letter?

<p>Thematic elements of innocence, societal judgment, and the effects of ambition surface through Justine’s characterization in Elizabeth’s letter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the narrative framework affect the reader's understanding of Justine's character?

<p>The narrative framework, through both external and internal focalization, allows readers to see Justine's multidimensionality and enhances empathy towards her plight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Victor's use of focalization affect the identification with the creature?

<p>Victor's focalization suggests varied levels of identification, but ultimately leads to the creature being portrayed as indescribable and alien.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the creature's size in Victor's descriptions?

<p>The creature's size signals problematic difference and highlights the grotesque contrast with its other physical traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do Victor's descriptions evolve throughout the narrative?

<p>Victor's descriptions initially detail the creature's height and features but then shift to vague terms like 'ugliness' and 'deformity'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contrasts does Victor emphasize in his description of the creature's physical appearance?

<p>Victor contrasts the creature's luxurious hair and pearly teeth against its watery eyes and yellow, skeletal skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Victor's narrative ordering impact the reader's perception of the creature?

<p>The narrative ordering, starting with size and followed by physical details, constructs a sense of dread and anticipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the creature's 'awful height' play in the scenes described by Victor?

<p>The creature's awful height heightens tension and invokes a primal fear, serving as an initial alarm signal to Victor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Victor's repetition of the creature's size indicate about his feelings toward it?

<p>Victor's repetition signifies his obsession and simultaneous fear of the creature, illustrating a deep conflict within him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Victor's portrayal of the creature's physical traits contribute to its perceived monstrosity?

<p>Victor's detailed superficial traits paired with a lack of human warmth contribute to the creature being viewed as a monster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of interpolated first-person narration in Dickens' novels?

<p>It allows for the ethical significance of characters to emerge, despite their initial complexity or distance from the reader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Gérard Genette differentiate the first-person narrator from the third-person narrator?

<p>Genette argues that a first-person narrator can be more authorized to speak for the hero due to their shared experiences, unlike a third-person narrator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does George Levine suggest about free indirect discourse?

<p>Levine views it as a balance between the limitations of first-person narration and the expansiveness of omniscience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Genette's categories for narratives regarding focalization?

<p>Genette categorizes narratives as nonfocalized, fixed internally focalized, variable internally focalized, and externally focalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Bal's Narratology contribute to the understanding of focalization?

<p>Bal's work discusses levels of focalization, providing a framework for analyzing how perspectives are represented in narratives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Richard J. Dunn interpret Walton's stories in Frankenstein?

<p>Dunn sees Walton's stories as reflections of the novel's failures of community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anticipatory role do Walton's letters play in 'Frankenstein' according to Sara Guyer?

<p>Guyer views Walton's letters as anticipatory, setting the stage for the events that unfold in the narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the term 'first-person' obscure meaning according to Genette?

<p>Genette suggests that the term can obscure the complexities of narratives by simplifying the layers of perspective involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protagonism

A literary technique where multiple characters, even seemingly minor ones, can be considered 'protagonists' due to their complex inner lives and significant impact on the narrative.

Reflexive Protagonism

Refers to the way a character actively portrays the inner thoughts and feelings of other characters within their own narrative.

Autodiegetic Narrative

A narrative structure where the story is told from the perspective of the one experiencing it, typically the main character.

Character Interiority

The quality of a fictional character that allows readers to connect with them on a deeper level, understanding their motivations, beliefs, and internal struggles.

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Character Space

Different characters in a story vying for attention and importance within the narrative.

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Round Characters

Characters with well-developed personalities and complex motivations, who are often central to the plot.

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Flat Characters

Characters with limited or simplistic traits, often serving a specific function in the story.

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Contemplative Detachment

The analysis and understanding of characterization through comparison, evaluation, and thoughtful reflection.

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Semes

Roland Barthes's term for the collection of traits or situations that contribute to a character's identity.

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Precious Remainder

A concept that refers to a character being more than just a sum of their parts, possessing a sense of individuality and depth beyond their traits.

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Weak Identification with Characters

The narrator's lack of depth and detail, leading to a weak connection with the characters.

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Recognition of Interiority

The ability of a character to understand and connect with the inner experiences of other characters, emphasizing their individuality and complexity.

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Formal Differentiation of Perspectives

The process of understanding a character's perspective by considering multiple viewpoints and their unique experiences.

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Tendency to Identify with Dominant Voices

The idea that readers tend to identify more with the characters who speak the most or appear most frequently.

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Moral Desire for Inclusive Sympathy

The desire to feel empathy and connect with a diverse range of characters, encouraging inclusivity and understanding.

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External Focalization

A narrative structure where the narrator's perspective is different from the character being described, creating a distance between them.

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Internal Focalization

A narrative structure where the narrator's perspective is the same as the character being described, allowing for a more immersive experience.

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Focalizer

The individual who provides a particular perspective on the events in a narrative.

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Characterization

The way a character's thoughts, feelings, and motivations are presented in a narrative, often shaping how readers perceive them.

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Foreshadowing

The process of foreshadowing events or characters that will be important later in a narrative. This helps to build suspense and create a sense of anticipation.

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False Accusation

The act of blaming or accusing someone unjustly, often without sufficient evidence.

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Tragic Flaw

When a character's own actions or choices contribute to their downfall or suffering.

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Perspective Influence

The degree to which a character's actions, thoughts, and feelings are presented in a narrative, influencing the reader's understanding of their motivations and experiences.

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Focalization

The act of focusing on a character's perspective to understand their thoughts and feelings.

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Physical Difference

A character's physical appearance, particularly when it contrasts with societal norms or expectations, can be a significant element of their representation in a story.

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Graphic Description

When a character's physical traits are described in detail, creating a strong impression of their physicality.

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Physical Inflation

The use of exaggeration or amplification to emphasize a character's physical attribute, often creating a sense of distortion or unusualness.

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Imprecision

The deliberate omission or lack of information about a character's physical traits, leaving a sense of ambiguity or mystery surrounding their appearance.

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Contrasting Descriptions

When a character's appearance is described in contradictory terms, creating a sense of dissonance or conflicting perceptions.

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Horrid Contrast

The way a character's physical appearance is used to create a sense of horror or revulsion in the reader.

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Physical Repetition

The repeated use of a specific physical attribute to emphasize its significance within a narrative.

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Frankenstein's Narrative Frames

The novel's structure uses nested frames, similar to a Russian nesting doll or a Chinese box, where one story is contained within another.

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Formal and Declamatory Style in Frankenstein

Each narrator in Frankenstein relates the story in a formal, declamatory style, using rich language and dramatic expressions, even though they are addressing a specific person.

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Shared Narrative Style in Frankenstein's Frames

The novel's frames have a distinct stylistic similarity, creating a unified tone despite the different narrators and their unique perspectives.

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Blending of Voices in Frankenstein

While the frame structure suggests distinct narrators with separate voices, the overlapping styles create a sense of blending and even overshadowing of individual voices.

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Incompatibility of Shared Narrative Style

The similarity in the narrative styles of the frames in Frankenstein creates an unexpected inconsistency, raising questions about the intended effect and the nature of the storytelling.

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Multifaceted Perspective through Frames

The nested frame structure of Frankenstein allows the reader to experience different perspectives and interpretations of the same events, creating a multifaceted understanding.

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Psychoanalytic Significance of Frames

The use of narrative frames in Frankenstein allows the author to showcase the complex psychological motivations of characters, particularly Victor's obsession with knowledge and the consequences of his actions.

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Ethical and Moral Dimensions of Frames

The frame structure in Frankenstein enhances the novel's thematic exploration of the relationship between human and nature, as different perspectives highlight the ethical and moral dilemmas of scientific progress and its unintended consequences.

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Interpolated First-Person Narration

When a novel's narrator shifts from a reliable third-person perspective to include a first-person passage from another character, allowing for a deeper understanding of that character's thoughts and experiences.

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Free Indirect Discourse

A literary technique where a narrator describes another character's thoughts and feelings, often blurring the line between the narrator's voice and the character's inner world, creating a sense of intimacy and immediacy.

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Protagonistic Ethical Significance

A narrative technique used to provide insight into characters beyond their outward actions, revealing their internal struggles, motivations, and beliefs.

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Nonfocalized Narrative

A narrative technique where a story is told from a neutral, objective perspective, with no particular character's perspective prioritized.

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Study Notes

Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Protagonist

  • The popular culture conflates "Frankenstein" with the monster, not the title character.
  • Critical interpretations often focus on the creature's significance, viewing him as the bearer of linguistic consequence and the narrator who appreciates scientific spirit.
  • The creature is unique in his ability to understand and narrate the perspectives of other characters.
  • Protagonism is a characterization style in which many minor characters possess rich consciousness.
  • This technique uses narrative devices such as free indirect discourse and focalization.
  • Literary critics often associate depictions of consciousness with major characters, suggesting that minor characters are less conscious.
  • Protagonism can be found in morally driven minor characters in 19th-century British novels, from Bleak House to The Woman in White.
  • The creature in Frankenstein exemplifies this narrative style, highlighting characters that may lack detailed descriptions but possess rich personalities.
  • Focalization, an alternate perspective to point of view, is the novel's main formal apparatus.
  • The shift of attention toward characters illustrates diverse perspectives in the novel.
  • The novel employs free indirect discourse, interpolation, and shifting points of view to portray the interiority of characters.
  • The creature's narrative frame best demonstrates protagonism because he shows the capacity for sympathetic identification.
  • The creature is unique because he reflexively shows his ability to sympathetically understand other characters.
  • The novel encourages the audience to evaluate the narrative practice of all narrators, including the creature, Walton, and Victor.
  • Walton's narrative provides a less consequential portrayal compared to the creature's and Victor's.
  • The creature's internal focalization provides a unique perspective on characters unlike Walton or Victor's who are externally focalized.
  • Protagonist characters in this novel are not exclusively major characters with prominent roles.
  • The novel challenges conventional characterization by giving minor characters more meaningful portrayals.
  • The novel employs varying characterization techniques to reflect Adam Smith's theory of imaginative sympathy.
  • The novel's protagonists are distinct from traditional ones.

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Frankenstein: Modern Protagonist PDF

Description

Explore the complex narrative structures in Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein'. This quiz examines how different narrative frames shape character perception and engagement within the story. Dive into the roles of narrators and the emotional depth they contribute to the novel's experience.

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