20 Questions
What is the primary issue that Karl Popper identified with inductive reasoning?
It requires an exhaustive search of all possible evidence.
What approach did Karl Popper advocate for instead of inductive reasoning?
Falsifiability
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of falsifiability?
A hypothesis is scientific if it can be disproven by a single counterexample.
What should a true scientist do with their hypothesis?
Set out to falsify their own hypothesis.
What term did Karl Popper use to describe thinkers who solely rely on inductive reasoning or try to prove their ideas?
Pseudo-scientists
If a scientist fails to falsify their hypothesis, what can they conclude according to the text?
They have found credence for the idea.
In the example given in the text, what observation would disprove the claim that 'all swans are white'?
Observing a single black swan.
Why is it not reasonable to 'round up all swans on Earth' in order to make generalizations about them?
It would be impossible to find and count every single swan.
What is the key difference between inductive reasoning and falsifiability, according to the text?
Inductive reasoning relies on proving hypotheses, while falsifiability relies on disproving them.
What is the primary limitation of inductive reasoning that Popper identified?
It requires complete knowledge of all relevant data.
What is the main reason Karl Popper believed that inductive reasoning does not always lead to true conclusions?
It requires examining all possible objects, knowledge, and observations.
What did Karl Popper propose as a more effective scientific approach than relying on inductive reasoning?
Falsifying one's hypothesis immediately
According to Karl Popper, why do scientists not try to prove their hypotheses?
Because proving hypotheses leads to pseudo-science.
What concept did Karl Popper emphasize as a critical element of scientific ideas or hypotheses?
Falsifiability
Why did Karl Popper suggest immediately setting out to disprove one's hypothesis rather than relying on inductive reasoning?
To prevent cherry-picking evidence to confirm the hypothesis.
What would render a hypothesis or idea non-scientific according to Karl Popper's principle of falsifiability?
Imagining a circumstance that could prove the idea untrue
Why did Karl Popper criticize thinkers who solely rely on inductive reasoning?
Because they often engage in cherry-picking of data.
What distinguishes a true scientist from a pseudo-scientist according to Karl Popper?
Falsifying their own hypotheses.
Why does Karl Popper suggest that finding swans that are not white is more important than finding white swans?
To challenge and potentially refute the hypothesis.
What is the significant drawback of relying solely on inductive reasoning according to Karl Popper?
It may result in cherry-picking evidence.
Explore the contributions of Francis Bacon to philosophy surrounding the nature of science and epistemology. Learn about his theory of scientific knowledge stemming from careful observation of nature and inductive reasoning.
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