Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of bread were citizens required to eat during this period?
What type of bread were citizens required to eat during this period?
- White bread
- Sourdough
- Rye bread
- Pain d’égalité (correct)
What was the new term for addressing men and women in France?
What was the new term for addressing men and women in France?
- Citoyen and Citoyenne (correct)
- Comrade and Friend
- Citizen and Citizeness
- Monsieur and Madame
What action was taken towards churches during this period?
What action was taken towards churches during this period?
- They were shut down (correct)
- They were converted into parks
- They remained open for worship
- They were rebuilt
Which political figure made a significant speech on 7 February 1794?
Which political figure made a significant speech on 7 February 1794?
What was the fate of Robespierre after the enforcement of his policies?
What was the fate of Robespierre after the enforcement of his policies?
What was the underlying aim of Robespierre's policies?
What was the underlying aim of Robespierre's policies?
What was the public's reaction to Robespierre's relentless policies?
What was the public's reaction to Robespierre's relentless policies?
What was the name of the newspaper that carried Robespierre's speech?
What was the name of the newspaper that carried Robespierre's speech?
What was the name of the currency used in France before it was discontinued in 1794?
What was the name of the currency used in France before it was discontinued in 1794?
Which group was primarily responsible for paying taxes to the state?
Which group was primarily responsible for paying taxes to the state?
What type of tax was known as 'tithe'?
What type of tax was known as 'tithe'?
Which tax is referred to as 'taille'?
Which tax is referred to as 'taille'?
In the etching 'The Spider and the Fly', how is the nobleman portrayed?
In the etching 'The Spider and the Fly', how is the nobleman portrayed?
What does the quote 'The more the devil has, the more he wants' imply about the nobleman?
What does the quote 'The more the devil has, the more he wants' imply about the nobleman?
Which tax mentioned is an example of an indirect tax?
Which tax mentioned is an example of an indirect tax?
What did the Church extract from the peasants?
What did the Church extract from the peasants?
What financial challenge did Louis XVI face upon his accession to the throne?
What financial challenge did Louis XVI face upon his accession to the throne?
Which group contributed most significantly to the financial burden of the French state?
Which group contributed most significantly to the financial burden of the French state?
What was the approximate level of debt Louis XVI inherited?
What was the approximate level of debt Louis XVI inherited?
What action did the French government take to manage its expenses?
What action did the French government take to manage its expenses?
Which factor caused lenders to charge high interest rates on loans?
Which factor caused lenders to charge high interest rates on loans?
What significant expense contributed to the empty treasury Louis XVI encountered?
What significant expense contributed to the empty treasury Louis XVI encountered?
Which estate was primarily composed of wealthy merchants and court officials?
Which estate was primarily composed of wealthy merchants and court officials?
How did the financial crisis affect the government's ability to maintain its army?
How did the financial crisis affect the government's ability to maintain its army?
What does Young imply by the phrase about dining to the accompaniment of his victims' groans?
What does Young imply by the phrase about dining to the accompaniment of his victims' groans?
In the context given, who does the term 'slaves' refer to?
In the context given, who does the term 'slaves' refer to?
Whom is Young likely criticizing in the provided content?
Whom is Young likely criticizing in the provided content?
What did Louis XVI have to do in order to impose new taxes?
What did Louis XVI have to do in order to impose new taxes?
When did the Estates General last meet before the convocation in May 1789?
When did the Estates General last meet before the convocation in May 1789?
What significant event occurred in 1789 related to the Estates General?
What significant event occurred in 1789 related to the Estates General?
What constitutional change was introduced in 1791?
What constitutional change was introduced in 1791?
What was one major issue that Louis XVI faced when he became king in 1774?
What was one major issue that Louis XVI faced when he became king in 1774?
What was a significant action taken by the delegates of the third estate during the assembly?
What was a significant action taken by the delegates of the third estate during the assembly?
Why were the members of the third estate seated at the back during the assembly?
Why were the members of the third estate seated at the back during the assembly?
What principle did the third estate propose for voting in the assembly?
What principle did the third estate propose for voting in the assembly?
Who were denied entry to the assembly of the Estates General?
Who were denied entry to the assembly of the Estates General?
What democratic principle was advocated by philosophers like Rousseau regarding voting?
What democratic principle was advocated by philosophers like Rousseau regarding voting?
What was the outcome of the third estate's actions during the assembly in 1792-93?
What was the outcome of the third estate's actions during the assembly in 1792-93?
What was the historical significance of the letters brought by the third estate representatives?
What was the historical significance of the letters brought by the third estate representatives?
Who ultimately ruled France after the overthrow of the Jacobin republic?
Who ultimately ruled France after the overthrow of the Jacobin republic?
Study Notes
France's Financial Woes
- The French monarchy faced financial hardship due to expensive wars and an extravagant court.
- The cost of helping the American colonies achieve independence from Britain added to France's debt.
- Lenders demanded high interest rates on loans to the French government.
- The monarchy relied heavily on taxes to fund its operations.
Taxation in France
- The Third Estate bore the brunt of taxation, including direct taxes like the taille and indirect taxes on everyday goods.
- The First and Second Estates (Clergy and Nobility) largely escaped taxation.
- The Church levied a tithe, a tax on agricultural produce.
The Estates General
- The Estates General was a political body representing the three estates.
- The monarchy convened the Estates General to obtain consent for new taxes.
- The last meeting was in 1614, but Louis XVI summoned it again in 1789 to address the financial crisis.
The Third Estate's Demands
- The Third Estate demanded greater representation and voting power in the Estates General.
- They advocated for one vote per member instead of one vote per estate.
- They saw themselves as representatives of the entire French nation.
The Emergence of Democracy
- The Third Estate's demands aligned with democratic principles espoused by philosophers like Rousseau.
- The Third Estate walked out of the Estates General in protest when their demands were rejected.
- This act of defiance marked a pivotal moment in the rise of democratic ideals in France.
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Description
Explore the financial struggles of the French monarchy leading up to the Revolution. Understand the heavy taxation on the Third Estate and the role of the Estates General in addressing the crisis. Delve into how these factors contributed to significant political changes in France.
