Fractures and Bone Healing Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling after a fracture?

  • They form a temporary bony collar.
  • They remove dead portions of bone. (correct)
  • They convert spongy bone into compact bone.
  • They deposit collagen to form soft callus.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic manifestation of a fracture?

  • Ecchymosis
  • Swelling
  • Fat embolism syndrome (correct)
  • Pain

What occurs during hard callus formation after a fracture?

  • Fibrocartilage completely replaces spongy bone.
  • Osteoblasts deposit a temporary bony collar. (correct)
  • Granulation tissue is maintained.
  • Soft callus is converted into hematoma.

Which statement about the phases of bone healing is true?

<p>Soft callus formation involves collagen deposition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might necessitate a fasciotomy during the treatment of a fracture?

<p>Severe swelling and pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark symptom of compartment syndrome?

<p>Severe pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications can arise from fractures due to compartment syndrome?

<p>Respiratory failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause that leads to compartment syndrome?

<p>Decreased compartment size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure can be utilized to confirm compartment syndrome?

<p>Needle pressure check (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an initial treatment strategy for preventing complications associated with fractures?

<p>Early stabilization of fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may indicate a delayed union in fracture healing?

<p>Failure to heal in predicted time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is often present during the highest risk period for developing compartment syndrome?

<p>Paresthesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be administered to reduce the inflammatory response in lung tissues affected by compartment syndrome?

<p>Corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a fracture?

<p>Excessive stress placed on the bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is NOT commonly used for diagnosing fractures?

<p>Ultrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the term 'crepitus' in the context of fractures?

<p>A grating sound or sensation near the fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture involves the bone breaking due to normal stress on weakened bones?

<p>Pathologic stress fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the bone healing process?

<p>Connection of fragments with skin tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes deformations like angulation, shortening, or rotation in the context of fractures?

<p>Deformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification focuses solely on the position of the fracture in the bone structure?

<p>Location of fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoblasts during the ossification stage of bone healing?

<p>Deposition of mineral salts into the callus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Fracture

A break in the continuity of a bone, occurring when stress exceeds the bone's ability to absorb it.

Types of Fractures

Classified by location, type, degree, character of pieces, and direction/pattern.

Open Fracture

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin.

Closed Fracture

A fracture where the bone does not break through the skin.

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Transverse Fracture

A fracture where the bone breaks straight across.

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Spiral Fracture

A fracture where the bone breaks in a spiral pattern, often caused by twisting.

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Bone Healing - Hematoma Formation

Blood clots form at the fracture site, providing a foundation for healing.

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Bone Healing - Soft Tissue Callus

Fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate to the fracture site, forming a soft callus.

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Hematoma Formation

The initial stage of fracture healing where blood clots form at the fracture site.

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Soft Callus Formation

The second stage of fracture healing where granulation tissue is replaced by collagen and fibrocartilage to form a soft callus.

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Hard Callus Formation

The third stage of fracture healing where osteoblasts deposit a temporary bony collar around the fracture site.

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Bone Remodeling

The final stage of fracture healing where osteoclasts remove excess bone and osteoblasts deposit new bone to restore the bone's original shape.

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Fat Embolism Syndrome

A serious complication of long bone fractures where fat droplets from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream and can block small blood vessels.

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Compartment Syndrome

A serious condition where pressure builds inside a muscle compartment, cutting off blood flow and damaging tissue.

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Causes of Compartment Syndrome

Compartment syndrome can be caused by decreased space in the compartment (e.g., tight cast) or increased volume within the compartment (e.g., bleeding, swelling).

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Hallmark Symptom of Compartment Syndrome

Severe pain is a hallmark symptom of compartment syndrome, although it can also manifest as numbness, tingling, or weakness.

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Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome

Compartment syndrome is diagnosed based on the symptoms and a physical examination. A doctor may measure the pressure inside the compartment with a needle.

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Treatment of Compartment Syndrome

Compartment syndrome requires emergency treatment which may involve surgery to relieve pressure and restore blood flow.

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Malunion

A fracture that heals in a deformed position, leading to a misalignment of the bones.

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Delayed Union

A fracture that takes longer than expected to heal, often due to inadequate immobilization or reduction.

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Nonunion

A fracture that completely fails to heal, leaving a gap between the broken bones.

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Study Notes

Fractures

  • Disruption in bone continuity
  • Occurs when stress exceeds bone's capacity
  • Fracture causes:
    • Trauma (direct/indirect)
    • Fatigue stress
    • Pathologic stress (weakened bone)
  • Diagnosis:
    • X-ray
    • CT scan
    • Bone scan
  • Treatment:
    • Reduction (realignment)
    • Immobilization
    • Restoration of function

Bone Healing

  • Hematoma formation (blood vessels of periosteum)
  • Neovascularization (release of growth factors)
  • Soft tissue callus (fibroblasts & osteoblasts)
  • Ossification (mineral salt deposition)
  • Conversion to bony callus

Classification of Fractures

  • Location: proximal, midshaft, distal, etc
  • Type: open/closed, degree of fragments, direction (transverse, spiral)
  • Types of fractures: simple, compound

Fracture Manifestations

  • Pain
  • Ecchymosis (bruising)
  • Swelling
  • Loss of function
  • Crepitus
  • Abnormal mobility
  • Muscle spasm
  • Numbness
  • Tenderness

Pathogenesis

  • Hematoma formation: blood clot
  • Soft callus formation: granulation tissue
  • Hard callus formation: bony collar
  • Remodeling: conversion to compact bone

Fat Embolism Syndrome

  • Fat droplets in blood vessels (lungs, brain)
  • Origin from bone marrow
  • Symptoms: respiratory failure, cerebral dysfunction, petechiae
  • Diagnosis: CXR, ABG
  • Treatment: early stabilization, supportive care

Compartment Syndrome

  • Increased pressure within muscle compartment (fascia)
  • Possible causes: decreased compartment size, increased content volume
  • Symptoms: severe pain, paresthesia, diminished pulse
  • Treatment: emergency decompression (needle)

Fracture Complications

  • Increased risk of infection (especially open fractures)
  • Malunion (deformity)
  • Delayed union (slow healing)
  • Nonunion (failure to heal)
  • Fracture blisters (skin bullae)

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Related Documents

Pathology: Week #12 - Fractures PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on fractures and the bone healing process. This quiz covers the types, causes, and treatments of fractures along with the stages of bone healing. Ideal for students in anatomy and physiology courses.

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