12 Questions
What is the main principle behind fractional distillation of oil?
Size of molecules
Why do smaller molecules in fractional distillation of oil condense at the top at lower temperatures?
They are lighter in weight
What is the purpose of vacuum distillation in separating heavy residues from crude oil fractions?
To decrease the boiling point of heavy residues
In fractional distillation in the laboratory, why is the most volatile substance collected at the top of the fractionating column?
Due to having the lowest boiling point
What happens to vapors with higher boiling points in fractional distillation in the laboratory?
They condense back into the flask
How does lowering the pressure over a liquid affect its boiling point?
Decreases its boiling point
What is the purpose of fractional distillation in the context of separating liquids?
To cool the vapors and condense them into a liquid
What is the primary economic reason for the process of cracking larger hydrocarbons into smaller molecules?
To meet the demand for shorter hydrocarbon fractions
Which type of cracking produces mostly alkenes like ethene used in the production of polymers?
Thermal cracking
What are the conditions required for catalytic cracking to occur?
Moderate pressure and high temperature
In the context of combustion, what happens to alkanes when there is incomplete combustion?
They form toxic carbon monoxide and/or soot
What are the products of complete combustion of alkanes in the presence of excess oxygen?
$CO_2 (g)$ and $H_2O(l)$
Learn about the process of fractional distillation in the industrial refining of crude oil. Understand how different fractions condense at various heights in the column based on their boiling points and molecular sizes.
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