Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
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Questions and Answers

What is the main principle behind fractional distillation of oil?

  • Color of molecules
  • Size of molecules (correct)
  • Density of molecules
  • Shape of molecules

    • Why do smaller molecules in fractional distillation of oil condense at the top at lower temperatures?

  • They are lighter in weight (correct)
  • They have larger van der Waals forces
  • They are denser
  • They have stronger van der Waals forces

    • What is the purpose of vacuum distillation in separating heavy residues from crude oil fractions?

  • To increase the pressure over heavy residues
  • To change the color of heavy residues
  • To decrease the boiling point of heavy residues (correct)
  • To increase the boiling point of heavy residues

    • In fractional distillation in the laboratory, why is the most volatile substance collected at the top of the fractionating column?

    <p>Due to having the lowest boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to vapors with higher boiling points in fractional distillation in the laboratory?

    <p>They condense back into the flask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lowering the pressure over a liquid affect its boiling point?

    <p>Decreases its boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fractional distillation in the context of separating liquids?

    <p>To cool the vapors and condense them into a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic reason for the process of cracking larger hydrocarbons into smaller molecules?

    <p>To meet the demand for shorter hydrocarbon fractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cracking produces mostly alkenes like ethene used in the production of polymers?

    <p>Thermal cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions required for catalytic cracking to occur?

    <p>Moderate pressure and high temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of combustion, what happens to alkanes when there is incomplete combustion?

    <p>They form toxic carbon monoxide and/or soot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of complete combustion of alkanes in the presence of excess oxygen?

    <p>$CO_2 (g)$ and $H_2O(l)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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