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Questions and Answers

What is a known method for testing anaerobic power?

  • Maximal oxygen uptake test
  • Bicep curl maximum
  • Critical power test (correct)
  • Wall sit duration

Which type of contraction is characterized by muscle shortening?

  • Eccentric
  • Concentric (correct)
  • Static
  • Isometric

What is the primary role of the Golgi tendon organs?

  • Promote muscle power production
  • Enhance motor unit recruitment
  • Inhibit muscle contraction under high tension (correct)
  • Facilitate muscle hypertrophy

What represents an increase in muscle size leading to strength?

<p>Hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of synchronous motor unit recruitment?

<p>Improved efficiency in force exertion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction is primarily responsible for deceleration in movement?

<p>Eccentric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily limits maximal aerobic power capacity?

<p>Cardiovascular system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation results from resistance training without an increase in muscle size?

<p>Synchronous recruitment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can indicate the anaerobic capacity effectively?

<p>Wingate anaerobic test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a natural response to excessive tendon tension?

<p>Autogenic inhibition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraction occurs during planks?

<p>Isometric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the decrease in muscle size due to disuse?

<p>Atrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process contributes to strength gains during resistance training aside from hypertrophy?

<p>Motor unit recruitment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in protein synthesis occurs after resistance training?

<p>Increased protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes anaerobic power?

<p>Energy release by oxygen-independent processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during concentric muscle contractions?

<p>Muscle shortening with tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary mechanisms of muscle strength gain in the initial training phase?

<p>Neural activation adaptations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for fiber hypertrophy?

<p>Increased myofibrils, actin &amp; myosin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does resistance training have on protein synthesis immediately after exercise?

<p>Decreases protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypertrophy?

<p>Increased cross-sectional area of existing muscle fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of training are neural adaptations most prominent?

<p>First 8-10 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the principle of individuality in resistance training?

<p>Genetic factors affecting performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction is associated with deceleration?

<p>Eccentric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive eccentric exercise lead to in terms of muscle damage?

<p>Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the need to systematically change training variables to avoid stagnation?

<p>Principle of Variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures would help minimize delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?

<p>Gradually increase training intensity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of detraining?

<p>Decrease in maximal strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does muscle atrophy differ from hypertrophy?

<p>Atrophy involves a decrease in muscle mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Muscular Strength

The maximum force a muscle or group of muscles can produce.

Dynamic Strength

Strength that varies with speed & joint angle during movement.

Muscular Power

The rate at which work is done (force x distance/time).

1RM

Maximum weight lifted in a single effort.

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Muscular Endurance

Ability to sustain muscle contractions repeatedly.

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Aerobic Power

Rate of energy release from oxygen-dependent processes.

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VO2 Max

Maximum capacity for aerobic ATP resynthesis.

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Concentric Contraction

Muscle shortens while producing force (positive work).

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Eccentric Contraction

Muscle lengthens while producing force (negative work).

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Isometric Contraction

Muscle length stays the same while producing force.

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Hypertrophy

Increase in muscle size, leading to strength gains.

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Motor Unit Recruitment

The activation of motor neurons and their corresponding muscle fibers.

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Autogenic Inhibition

Intrinsic feedback mechanisms that inhibit muscle contraction to prevent injury.

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Fiber Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of muscle fibers, a factor in muscle growth.

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Fiber Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of individual muscle fibers.

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Resistance Exercise

Exercise that causes the muscles to contract against an opposing force, such as weights or resistance bands.

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Chronic Muscle Hypertrophy

Increase in muscle size due to repetitive resistance training, with substantial gains.

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Eccentric Training

Muscle lengthening while under tension; crucial for muscle hypertrophy.

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Fiber Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of individual muscle fibers, adding myofibrils & sarcoplasm.

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Protein Synthesis

Process of building new proteins in the body, crucial for muscle repair & growth.

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Testosterone

Anabolic steroid hormone that facilitates muscle growth.

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Hyperplasia (muscle)

Increase in the number of muscle fibers; potentially involved in muscle growth.

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Satellite Cells

Myogenic stem cells crucial for muscle repair & growth, activated by damage.

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Fiber Type Alterations

Resistance and aerobic training can change the properties of muscle fibers but no complete conversion.

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Neural Activation

Increase in the nervous system's ability to recruit muscle fibers, leading to increased strength.

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Concentric Contraction

Muscle shortens during contraction, doing positive work.

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Eccentric Contraction

Muscle lengthens during contraction; negative work.

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Isometric Contraction

Muscle maintains constant length while contracting, static.

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Principle of Progressive Overload

Increasing training demands progressively to make further improvements.

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Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Muscle soreness felt 12-48 hours after intense exercise, particularly eccentric.

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