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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the programming language that is considered as the base for other programming languages?
What is the name of the programming language that is considered as the base for other programming languages?
C
The C programming language is a middle-level language, meaning it combines both low-level and high-level programming features.
The C programming language is a middle-level language, meaning it combines both low-level and high-level programming features.
True (A)
Which of these are keywords in the C programming language? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are keywords in the C programming language? (Select all that apply)
- case (correct)
- void (correct)
- continue (correct)
- char (correct)
- else (correct)
- if (correct)
- int (correct)
- switch (correct)
- static (correct)
- break (correct)
- register (correct)
- do (correct)
- while (correct)
- auto (correct)
- for (correct)
- float (correct)
- extern (correct)
In C language, there are ______ classes of operators.
In C language, there are ______ classes of operators.
What is the mathematical formula used to calculate the area of a circle?
What is the mathematical formula used to calculate the area of a circle?
What is the mathematical formula used to calculate the perimeter of a circle?
What is the mathematical formula used to calculate the perimeter of a circle?
Documentation in C programs is always executed by the program.
Documentation in C programs is always executed by the program.
What is the purpose of the pre-processing directive #include <stdio.h>?
What is the purpose of the pre-processing directive #include <stdio.h>?
Which of these is a standard output statement in C? (Select all that apply)
Which of these is a standard output statement in C? (Select all that apply)
What are the two types of constants in C?
What are the two types of constants in C?
A set of statements together is called a program.
A set of statements together is called a program.
What does the main() function in a C program signify?
What does the main() function in a C program signify?
Which of the following operators can be used on integer, float, double, and char? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following operators can be used on integer, float, double, and char? (Select all that apply)
What is the purpose of the modulus operator (%) in C?
What is the purpose of the modulus operator (%) in C?
The conditional operator (?:) is also known as "ternary operator".
The conditional operator (?:) is also known as "ternary operator".
The increment operator (++) is used to decrease the value of a variable by 1.
The increment operator (++) is used to decrease the value of a variable by 1.
The assignment operator (=) can only be used with a single operator in a C program.
The assignment operator (=) can only be used with a single operator in a C program.
The address operator (&) is used to refer to the address of a memory location.
The address operator (&) is used to refer to the address of a memory location.
Format specifiers are also known as datatype specifiers.
Format specifiers are also known as datatype specifiers.
What is the purpose of the escape sequence '\n' in a C program?
What is the purpose of the escape sequence '\n' in a C program?
What does precedence mean in the context of C operators?
What does precedence mean in the context of C operators?
The break statement is used to terminate control statements, including switch and loop statements.
The break statement is used to terminate control statements, including switch and loop statements.
Type conversion in C can be either automatic or implicit.
Type conversion in C can be either automatic or implicit.
A nested if statement is an if statement present inside another if statement.
A nested if statement is an if statement present inside another if statement.
The switch statement is a branch control statement that functions similarly to an else if ladder.
The switch statement is a branch control statement that functions similarly to an else if ladder.
A for loop can have multiple initializations separated by commas.
A for loop can have multiple initializations separated by commas.
What is the difference between a one-dimensional array and a two-dimensional array in C?
What is the difference between a one-dimensional array and a two-dimensional array in C?
A function which calls itself is known as a recursive function.
A function which calls itself is known as a recursive function.
In C, we can pass a 2D array as a argument to a function.
In C, we can pass a 2D array as a argument to a function.
The struct keyword is used to define a user-defined data type.
The struct keyword is used to define a user-defined data type.
We can use the dot(.) operator to access the members of a structure using a pointer.
We can use the dot(.) operator to access the members of a structure using a pointer.
What is the purpose of the typedef keyword in C?
What is the purpose of the typedef keyword in C?
A pointer variable can hold the address of another memory location.
A pointer variable can hold the address of another memory location.
In C, arrays are stored serially in either row-wise or column-wise order depending on the system.
In C, arrays are stored serially in either row-wise or column-wise order depending on the system.
A pointer can be used as a function argument and also a function can return a pointer.
A pointer can be used as a function argument and also a function can return a pointer.
Functions in C can be called in two ways: by value or by reference.
Functions in C can be called in two ways: by value or by reference.
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Study Notes
Introduction to C Programming
- C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT&T Bell Labs, USA
- It's a combination of B and BCPL languages
- BCPL was developed by Richard Madrin in the 1960s
- B was devloped by Ken Thompson in the 1960s
- Used for creating system applications; interacting with hardware devices (e.g., drivers, kernels)
- Forms the base for many other programming languages
- Most modern programming languages use C syntax (e.g., C++, Java, C#)
Features of C Programming
- Middle-level language; combines low-level and high-level features
- High-level language uses simple English-like words (e.g., int x = 10)
- Does not require specific memory allocation
- Low-level language is similar to assembly language
- Requires specific memory allocation
Data Types in C
- Numerical data types: integer, float, double
- Character data type: char
- Variables for storing numerical or character information
Statements in C
- A set of statements form a complete program
- Used to create instructions for the computer
Basic Structure of a C Program
- Documentation: Comments to explain the code
- Link section: Includes external header files
- Definition section: Defines symbolic constants (using #define)
- Global Declarations: Variables declared at the top
- Main program: Contains main function (the starting point)
- Local Declarations: Variables declared within a function
- Execution part: Instructions or statements within a function
Tokens in C Programming
- Keywords
- Identifiers
- Operators
- Constants
- Special symbols
Keywords
- Predefined words in C programming
- Have specific meanings and cannot be used as identifiers
Identifiers
- User-defined words
- Create names for variables, functions, etc.
- Have specific rules (e.g., must start with a letter or underscore, cannot be a keyword)
Operators
- Used to perform operations on data
Special symbols
- Used for various purposes in a program (e.g., brackets, braces, commas, semicolons)
Constants
- Fixed values
- Numeric constants; integer, real numbers, single characters
- Text constants; string constants
Standard I/O Statements
- printf(): Output data/messages to the console
- scanf(): Input data from the console
Data Types
- Basic data types: int, float, double, char
- Derived data types: arrays, pointers
- User-defined data types: structures, unions, enums, etc.
Operators, Arithmetic operations, Relational Operators
- Arithmetic operators include (+, -, *, /, %); operations for finding quotients, remainders etc
- Relational operators; (> ,< ,<== ,>= ,=> =); checking conditions
- Examples: Finding the greatest among 2 nos, 3 nos, calculating the area of a circle
Conditional Operators, and Operators
- Conditional expressions
- Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT) and examples of their use in expressions
Control Structures (if-else, switch)
- Create branches in the program; execution depends on conditions
- Conditional constructs like if, else if, else statements to select the executable path
- Switch case statement to select alternative paths depending on the value of an expression
Loop Control Statements (while, do-while, for)
- Used to execute a block of code repeatedly
Array and Pointers
- One-dimensional arrays: store data of the same type contiguously
- Two-dimensional arrays (matrices): tabular structure with rows and columns
Function Concepts
- Function prototype declaration, including return types and arguments
Storage Classes
- Auto, static, register, extern
- Understanding scope, lifetime, and storage location of variables
Structures
- Combining dissimilar data types into a single unit
- Defining and using structures
String Handling
- Functions for character handling
- strlen (), strcmp (), strncpy (), strcpy (), strncat (), strcat(), string reverse etc
- Functions for comparing and modifying strings
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