Questions and Answers
Who is known as the founder of sociology?
What concept did Herbert Spencer promote that relates societal evolution?
Social Darwinism
What title did Karl Marx publish in 1848?
The Communist Manifesto
What did Emile Durkheim focus on in sociology?
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Which sociologist developed the concept of bureaucracy?
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What did Max Weber mean by 'Verstechen'?
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Study Notes
Auguste Comte
- Recognized as the founder of sociology, emphasizing the importance of social order and change.
- Introduced concepts of social statics (forces that maintain societal cohesion) and social dynamics (forces that lead to societal change).
- Advocated for societal reform and later engaged in "cerebral hygiene," a practice of controlling thoughts and ideas.
Herbert Spencer
- His theories were heavily influenced by Charles Darwin and the concept of evolution.
- Coined the term "social Darwinism," suggesting that societies evolve with stronger elements prevailing and weaker ones diminishing.
- Proposed that society progresses towards ultimate perfection and stability through the survival of the fittest.
Karl Marx
- Lived from 1818 to 1883, renowned as one of the three foundational sociological thinkers.
- Co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848, articulating a radical critique of capitalism and class struggle.
- Focused on the economic structures of society and their profound impact on social relations.
Emile Durkheim
- Second among the three major classical sociological theorists, known for his work on social order.
- Introduced the concept of social facts, which are the norms and values that shape societal behaviors.
- His efforts helped establish sociology as a rigorous social science with developed methodologies.
Max Weber
- Third key figure in classic sociology, living from 1864 to 1920.
- Centered his theories on logic and rationalization, contributing to the understanding of bureaucratic structures.
- Studied the interplay between religion and society, particularly the factors contributing to the rise of capitalism.
- Developed the concept of ideal types, focusing on key characteristics of societal features, and introduced Verstechen, the interpretative approach to understanding individual meanings behind actions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key contributors to sociology with these flashcards focusing on Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. Learn about their theories and their impact on the development of sociological thought. Perfect for anyone studying sociology or social sciences.
