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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main factors associated with poorer health in individuals?
What is one of the main factors associated with poorer health in individuals?
Which explanation focuses on the role of social, economic, and political factors in health distribution?
Which explanation focuses on the role of social, economic, and political factors in health distribution?
Which factor contributes to healthier individuals according to workplace conditions?
Which factor contributes to healthier individuals according to workplace conditions?
What is one of the individual-level explanations for health inequalities?
What is one of the individual-level explanations for health inequalities?
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Which concept relates to the social relations and networks that promote mutual benefit among communities?
Which concept relates to the social relations and networks that promote mutual benefit among communities?
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What is the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy?
What is the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy?
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In the context of social class, what does the term 'power over' refer to?
In the context of social class, what does the term 'power over' refer to?
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Which of the following is not considered a component of social class?
Which of the following is not considered a component of social class?
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How many levels of power are outlined by the World Health Organization?
How many levels of power are outlined by the World Health Organization?
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What primarily determines the health status of individuals according to the lecture?
What primarily determines the health status of individuals according to the lecture?
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Which factor is NOT identified as a component of socioeconomic status (SES)?
Which factor is NOT identified as a component of socioeconomic status (SES)?
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Which model of social class includes an upper-middle and lower-middle classification?
Which model of social class includes an upper-middle and lower-middle classification?
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How does income distribution affect health status in populations?
How does income distribution affect health status in populations?
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What does 'power with' signify in the context of social power?
What does 'power with' signify in the context of social power?
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What is the social gradient in life expectancy?
What is the social gradient in life expectancy?
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Which statement about income distribution in Canada is accurate?
Which statement about income distribution in Canada is accurate?
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Which of the following is a term used to describe the relationship between social class and health?
Which of the following is a term used to describe the relationship between social class and health?
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What is one of the inequalities present in Canada that affects socioeconomic status?
What is one of the inequalities present in Canada that affects socioeconomic status?
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What does the term 'social capital' refer to in the context of health?
What does the term 'social capital' refer to in the context of health?
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Which model best describes the relationship between social class and health outcomes?
Which model best describes the relationship between social class and health outcomes?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding employment and health?
Which of the following statements is true regarding employment and health?
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What does social capital refer to in the context of group behavior?
What does social capital refer to in the context of group behavior?
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Which principle defines Intersectionality Theory?
Which principle defines Intersectionality Theory?
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What impact do community planning and design have according to Dr. Theresa Tam?
What impact do community planning and design have according to Dr. Theresa Tam?
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What characteristic of Corey’s neighborhood could be considered 'health damaging'?
What characteristic of Corey’s neighborhood could be considered 'health damaging'?
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What is a feature that can be considered 'health promoting' in neighborhoods like Jim’s and Tondra’s?
What is a feature that can be considered 'health promoting' in neighborhoods like Jim’s and Tondra’s?
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What is a consequence of living in a neighborhood characterized as a food desert?
What is a consequence of living in a neighborhood characterized as a food desert?
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What is one benefit indicated of living in 'mixed' neighborhoods?
What is one benefit indicated of living in 'mixed' neighborhoods?
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How are 'disordered neighborhoods' likely to impact residents' health?
How are 'disordered neighborhoods' likely to impact residents' health?
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What term describes neighborhoods that lack access to fresh and healthy food options?
What term describes neighborhoods that lack access to fresh and healthy food options?
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What is often true about the health outcomes of residents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods?
What is often true about the health outcomes of residents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods?
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What factors are included in the physical environment?
What factors are included in the physical environment?
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How does a neighborhood influence health?
How does a neighborhood influence health?
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Which of the following describes a healthy social environment?
Which of the following describes a healthy social environment?
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What is a characteristic of the built environment?
What is a characteristic of the built environment?
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Which statement accurately describes children from low-income families and their living conditions?
Which statement accurately describes children from low-income families and their living conditions?
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What role does community belonging play in health?
What role does community belonging play in health?
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Which term describes the environmental quality factors that can affect health?
Which term describes the environmental quality factors that can affect health?
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What aspect of social environments is vital for health and well-being?
What aspect of social environments is vital for health and well-being?
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Study Notes
Foundations in Health (HLST 152)
- Key Areas of Focus: Income, social class, employment, and physical environment (neighborhood)
Learning Outcomes
- Students will be able to explore the meaning of social class.
- Students will be able to identify components of social class.
- Students will be able to explore the meaning of socioeconomic status (SES) and identify components of SES.
- Students will be able to identify different models of class structure.
- Students will be able to describe the relationship between social class, SES, and health.
- Students will be able to explain the social gradient in life expectancy.
- Students will be able to identify the underlying premises and implications of health on income (and income distribution), unemployment and job security, and work and working conditions.
- Students will be able to describe explanations for health inequalities.
- Students will be able to define social justice, social cohesion, and social capital.
- Students will be able to describe the relationship between neighborhood and health.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
- SES is a key predictor of health and life expectancy worldwide.
- Some academics use "social class" and "socioeconomic status" interchangeably.
Components of SES
- Income: A crucial component of SES.
- Education: Another vital component of SES.
- Occupation: Another key component of SES.
Different Models of Class Structure
- Basic 3-class scheme (upper, middle, lower)
- 5-class model (upper, upper-middle, lower-middle, working class, lower)
- British model focuses on occupation to determine class standing within a hierarchy.
Components of Social Class
- Wealth: An important factor in social class.
- Status: Recognition and respect within a society.
- Power: Ability to influence others.
Power as a Health Issue
- The World Health Organization (WHO) distinguishes four types of power:
- Power over (ability to control or influence others)
- Power to (ability of individuals to act on their own will)
- Power with (ability of groups to collaborate)
- Power within (the collective power of organizations or communities)
- Power over is considered the most negative form of power.
Generating Class Differences
- Understanding the origins of social class differences is crucial.
Class Inequality in Canada
- Canada faces income inequality, wealth disparity, socioeconomic power differences, and health disparities. Significant gaps exist between the wealthy and poor.
Lower Health Levels
- Low levels of education, unemployment, and low income are associated with poorer health outcomes across all age groups.
Employment/Working Conditions
- Unemployment, underemployment, and stressful or unsafe work contribute to poorer health.
- Individuals with more control over their work and fewer stress factors generally experience better health and longer lifespans compared to those in stressful or high-risk work environments.
Explaining Health Inequalities
- Inequalities in health can be explained through individual, materialist/structural, and psychosocial perspectives (each with various viewpoints).
Individual Explanations for Health Inequalities
- "Artifact" explanations (statistical anomalies)
- Social Darwinist explanations
- Cultural/behavioral explanations
Materialist/Structural Explanations for Health Inequalities
- Focuses on social, economic, and political factors impacting the distribution of health and illness in society.
- Emphasizes the basic class structure.
Psychosocial Explanations for Health Inequalities
- Social relations and networks that support cooperation.
- Beliefs prioritizing the needs of the disadvantaged.
- Social ties that establish group behaviour and integration (social capital).
- Social justice and cohesion.
Intersectionality Theory
- Health determinants interact to shape individuals' health experiences.
Neighbourhood and Health
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Neighborhoods have varying impacts on health due to factors such as:
- Built environment (housing, food security, community planning, natural environment, climate change, geographical isolation, access to healthcare, environmental quality)
- Social environment (social safety net, social exclusion, violence/disability, community belonging)
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"Food deserts" in some neighborhoods.
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Mixed neighborhoods (poor and rich together) contribute to better outcomes.
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Negative consequences of "disordered" neighborhoods.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to social class, socioeconomic status (SES), and their implications for health. Students will explore the relationship between income, employment, and health outcomes. Focus areas include models of class structure and explanations for health inequalities.
