Week 5 - How to think about power
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concept of Raymond Williams' Marxist mode of thinking about culture?

  • Cultural studies as practices
  • Foucauldian concept of power
  • Idealist understanding of culture
  • Materialist understanding of culture (correct)
  • What does the 'base' refer to in Marx's base/superstructure diagram?

  • Social practices and relationships
  • Economic system underlying a society (correct)
  • Discourses and power
  • Institutions and culture
  • What is the primary concept of Michel Foucault's philosophy?

  • Marxist theory of the base/superstructure
  • Materialist understanding of culture
  • Relationship between institutions, discourses and power (correct)
  • Gramsci's concept of hegemony
  • What does Raymond Williams add to Marx's base/superstructure diagram?

    <p>Determinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of capitalism, according to the provided text?

    <p>To produce a particular form of subjectivities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of hegemony associated with?

    <p>Antonio Gramsci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the superstructure in Marx's base/superstructure diagram?

    <p>Reflects the economic system underlying a society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the base and superstructure, according to Raymond Williams?

    <p>The base determines the superstructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of Williams towards the categorization of certain cultural activities?

    <p>They are dead-end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'totality' an alternative to?

    <p>The concept of base and superstructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential danger of using the concept of 'totality'?

    <p>It loses its essential Marxist content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'totality' emphasize?

    <p>A social whole composed of various social practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key question Williams poses regarding the concept of 'totality'?

    <p>Does it include the notion of intention?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'intention' refer to?

    <p>The purpose or aim behind social practices and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Williams emphasize the importance of recognizing the 'superstructural' elements?

    <p>They are crucial in understanding certain social apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difficulty of revising the base and superstructure model?

    <p>Militants need to confront institutions and ideologies in addition to economic battles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'hegemony' related to?

    <p>The dominant influence of a particular class in shaping cultural processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'social being determines consciousness' associated with?

    <p>The Marxist framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between the two meanings of 'to determine'?

    <p>One is about setting limits and the other is about predicting outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of culture according to Williams' propositions?

    <p>To resist and challenge the existing social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of hegemony according to Antonio Gramsci?

    <p>The spontaneous consent given by the masses to the dominant group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Marx's proposition regarding determination?

    <p>The role of human activities in shaping social relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary meaning of 'determination' in Williams' revaluation?

    <p>The setting of limits and the exertion of pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the 'base' in Williams' revaluation?

    <p>A dynamic process of social and economic relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between culture and the existing relations of production?

    <p>Culture can function as ideology to reproduce the existing relations of production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between the concepts of 'base' and 'superstructure'?

    <p>The base refers to economic relationships, while the superstructure refers to cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic feature of repression mentioned by Foucault?

    <p>Affirmation of nonexistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What spaces were created to make room for 'illegitimate sexualities' according to Foucault?

    <p>Brothels and mental hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Foucault argue is still present in the discourse surrounding sex and sexuality after Freud?

    <p>Sterilized and clinical discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Foucault, what is necessary to fully free ourselves from repression?

    <p>Transgression of laws and lifting of prohibitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does development of capitalism relate to sexual repression?

    <p>It coincides with the age of repression, integrating with the bourgeois order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sex considered incompatible with a general and intensive work imperative under capitalism?

    <p>It reduces labor productivity and focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foucault associates the demand for sexual freedom with what other cause?

    <p>Political honor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Foucault argue about the nature of truth?

    <p>Truth is conditioned by politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are considered 'other Victorians' according to Foucault?

    <p>The prostitute, the client, and the pimp, together with the psychiatrist and his hysteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did modern puritanism have on the expression of sexuality?

    <p>Imposed a triple edict of taboo, nonexistence, and silence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to free ourselves from the repression discussed?

    <p>Multiple denunciations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the effects of liberation related to repression?

    <p>They are slow and not natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'first doubt' mentioned in the text referring to?

    <p>The authenticity of repression as a historical fact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the 'historico-theoretical question'?

    <p>It questions the mechanisms and exercise of power in societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'second doubt' according to the text?

    <p>Whether power primarily operates through repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is questioned by the 'third doubt'?

    <p>Whether repression is accurately depicted by critics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about the age of repression and the critical analysis of repression?

    <p>They are part of the same historical framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question does the text describe as 'properly historical'?

    <p>The establishment of a regime of sexual repression in the seventeenth century</p> Signup and view all the answers

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