Fossil Fuels and Environmental Impact Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are fossil fuels primarily composed of?

  • Methane
  • Hydrocarbons (correct)
  • Nitrogen compounds
  • Carbon dioxide

What is the main byproduct released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?

  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • CO2 (correct)
  • Methane

Which production type is NOT used in extracting petroleum?

  • Pumping
  • Strip mining
  • Fracking (correct)
  • Steam injection

What is the primary energy production source for humans?

<p>Fossil fuels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fracking or hydraulic fracturing?

<p>To extract natural gas and oil from deep underground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental concern is associated with fracking?

<p>Migration of fracking fluid directly into groundwater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does combustion of petroleum contribute to the Earth's carbon cycle?

<p>Moves carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate composition of 87 octane commercial gas?

<p>87% octane and 13% heptane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal combustion equation for pure octane?

<p>2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 +18H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does realistic combustion of fuel produce?

<p>Unburned HC’s + NxO + SOx + CO + H2O + CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause slip/motion on the fractures during fracking?

<p>Injection of fracking fluids into the ground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of injecting large amounts of water, sand, and chemicals into a wellbore during fracking?

<p>To prop open the fractures and allow trapped gas or oil to flow more freely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the fossil fuel with its primary usage:

<p>Coal = Energy production Petroleum = Refined into plastics, textiles, paints, fertilizers Natural gas = Energy production Oil sand and heavy oils = Potential source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the fossil fuel with its percentage of current energy use:

<p>Oil = 33% Coal = 30% Gas = 24% Oil sand and heavy oils = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the fossil fuel with its current reserves in gigatons:

<p>Oil = &gt; 1,000 billion barrels Coal = &gt; 800 gigatons Gas = 180 trillion cubic meters Oil sand and heavy oils = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hydrocarbon source with its energy origin:

<p>Dead organic matter from plants and animals = Energy originally from the sun stored in organic carbon Under the right pressure and temperature = Will form some type of hydrocarbon Deposited and trapped in the Earth’s crust = Under the right pressure and temperature Energy originally from the sun stored in organic carbon = Deposited and trapped in the Earth’s crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental concerns with their impact from fracking:

<p>Migration of fracking fluid directly into groundwater = Contamination of groundwater Flowback of contaminated wastewater at the surface = Surface water contamination Methane leaks into groundwater = Greenhouse gas emissions Fracking-induced seismicity = Induced earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following combustion products with their sources:

<p>CO2 = Combustion of fossil fuels SOx = Sulfur content in fuel NxO = Nitrogen and oxygen in the air H2O = Result of complete combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following seismic event magnitudes with their locations and years:

<p>M4.7 = NW BC in 2015 M4.0 = Texas in 2018 M5.7 = China in 2017 M1-M3 = Typical fracking-induced events</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of commercial gas with their octane ratings:

<p>87 octane = 87% octane and 13% heptane 92 octane = 92% octane and 8% heptane Heptane = Component of lower octane rating Octane = Component of higher octane rating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary environmental concerns associated with the extraction and use of fossil fuels?

<p>The primary environmental concerns associated with the extraction and use of fossil fuels include the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, air and water pollution from extraction and refining processes, and the contribution to climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the future outlook for the use of oil, coal, and gas as sources of energy, including their current reserves and projected consumption.

<p>The future outlook for the use of oil, coal, and gas as sources of energy includes current reserves of over 22 billion barrels of oil, over 800 gigatons of coal, and 180 trillion cubic meters of gas. Projected consumption is expected to increase, with estimates of undiscovered oil reserves and significant expansion in coal usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process and impact of extracting petroleum through strip mining, including the challenges and potential environmental issues associated with this method.

<p>Strip mining is a production type used for extracting petroleum and involves significant environmental impact such as land disturbance, habitat destruction, and the release of impurities like sulfur, mercury, and arsenic. Challenges include managing and mitigating these environmental issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of fossil fuels as a source of energy production for humans and the potential implications for the planet's changing climate.

<p>Fossil fuels account for over 80% of primary energy production by humans, but their use leads to the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. The significant reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns about the planet's changing climate and the need for sustainable energy alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental concerns associated with fracking?

<p>Environmental concerns include impact on groundwater, migration of fracking fluid directly into groundwater, flowback of contaminated wastewater at the surface, and methane leaks into groundwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does combustion of petroleum mean for the Earth system?

<p>Combustion of petroleum moves carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and influencing the planet’s climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate composition of 87 octane commercial gas?

<p>87 octane is approximately 87% octane and 13% heptane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the human causes of increasing earthquake events mentioned in the text?

<p>Fracking or hydraulic fracturing is mentioned as a method used to extract natural gas and oil from deep underground, which can induce seismicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the ideal combustion of pure octane.

<p>The ideal combustion of pure octane is represented by the equation 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 +18H2O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy production source for humans mentioned in the text?

<p>Fossil fuels, including petroleum and natural gas, are mentioned as the primary energy production source for humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of injecting large amounts of water, sand, and chemicals into a wellbore during fracking?

<p>The injected fluid helps to prop open the fractures, while the sand acts as a proppant to keep the fractures from closing when the pressure is released, allowing the trapped gas or oil to flow more freely and be extracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does realistic combustion of fuel produce?

<p>Realistic combustion of fuel produces unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fossil Fuels

  • Fossil fuels are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms
  • Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide as a main byproduct into the atmosphere

Petroleum Extraction

  • In-situ mining is a type of petroleum extraction NOT used to extract petroleum
  • Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is used to extract petroleum, with the primary purpose of releasing natural gas and oil from shale rock formations
  • Fracking involves injecting large amounts of water, sand, and chemicals into a wellbore to create fractures in the rock, releasing the petroleum

Environmental Concerns

  • Fracking is associated with environmental concerns such as groundwater contamination, earthquakes, and air pollution
  • Combustion of petroleum contributes to the Earth's carbon cycle, adding to climate change
  • The primary environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel extraction and use are climate change, air and water pollution, and land degradation

Fossil Fuel Composition and Combustion

  • 87 octane commercial gas is approximately composed of 84.2% carbon, 15.3% hydrogen, and 0.5% oxygen
  • The ideal combustion equation for pure octane is C8H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O
  • Realistic combustion of fuel produces water vapor, carbon dioxide, and heat, as well as pollutants like soot, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides

Fossil Fuel Reserves and Energy Production

  • Fossil fuels are the primary energy production source for humans, with a current energy mix of 85% fossil fuels, 10% nuclear, and 5% renewable energy
  • The approximate current reserves for fossil fuels are:
    • Coal: 1.1 trillion tons
    • Oil: 1.3 trillion barrels
    • Gas: 185 trillion cubic meters
  • The future outlook for fossil fuel use is uncertain, with declining reserves and projected increases in renewable energy consumption

Seismic Events and Hydrocarbon Sources

  • Seismic events can be triggered by fracking, with examples including Oklahoma, USA, and Groningen, Netherlands
  • Hydrocarbons originate from ancient plant and animal matter buried over millions of years

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Description

Test your knowledge about fossil fuels and their impact on the environment with this quiz. Learn about the different types of fossil fuels, their extraction, and the consequences of their combustion on the planet.

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