Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary composition of coal?
Which of the following is NOT a type of coal?
What is one of the primary uses of coal?
Which country is NOT among the top producers of coal?
Signup and view all the answers
What process is involved in transforming petroleum into usable fuels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which range of hydrocarbons is commonly found in petroleum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a negative impact of fossil fuels?
Signup and view all the answers
What essential role does coal play in agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which countries are listed as top petroleum producing nations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of refined bitumen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is fuel oil commonly used for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is lubricating oil primarily used for?
Signup and view all the answers
How does ignition occur in diesel engines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is kerosene commonly used for?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines naphtha in terms of its composition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of bitumen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common use of petrol or gasoline?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a component mainly found in refinery gas?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary components of natural gas?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does naphtha play in industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following environmental hazards is associated with petroleum products?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding CNG?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant use of gasoline in agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process primarily uses natural gas as a feedstock?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Fossil Fuels
- A general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals
- Includes coal, petroleum, and natural gas
Coal
- A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
- Composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Extracted by mining.
- Top producers are China, United States, India, European Union, and Australia respectively.
- Types include: peat, lignite, bituminous/sub-bituminous, steam, anthracite, and graphite
Uses of Coal
- Power generation
- Steel production
- Cement manufacturing
- Ingredients for industrial and commercial products
- Agriculture: essential for production of raw materials in infrastructure and machinery for agriculture, a source of electricity transmitted to farms, some farms use fly ash for fertilizer as a source.
Petroleum
- A naturally occurring yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
- Commonly refined into various types of fuels with approximate hydrocarbon range of C5H12 to C18H38.
- The process involves exploration, extraction, refining, and transporting (often with oil tankers and pipelines).
- Most countries in the Middle East have abundant supply of petroleum but according to U.S.Energy Information Administration, top petroleum producing countries in the world are Russia, Saudi Arabia, United States, Iraq, Iran and China respectively.
- Bitumen: a low-grade of crude oil which is composed of complex, heavy hydrocarbons.
- Fuel oil: also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil, made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics.
- Lubricating oil: “Mineral oil” is used to refer to lubricating base oils derived from crude oil.
- Diesel: a liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.
- Kerosene: also called paraffin or paraffin oil, flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel.
- Naphtha: a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from commonly on petroleum distillates.
- Petrol: a mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and used as fuel for internal-combustion engines.
- Refinery gas: consists of mainly propane and butane gases which can be compressed or liquefied.
Uses of Petroleum
- Fuel for vehicles (gasoline, diesel)
- Power generation (fuel oil)
- Heating homes and commercial buildings
- Construction (bitumen)
- Lubrication
- Industrial products (naphtha)
- Agriculture: gasoline and diesel fuels are essential for agricultural machineries, raw materials such as plastics are obtained from petroleum products, farm to market road made from asphalt (uses bitumen), raw materials for pesticides and other chemicals.
Natural Gas
- A naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) with small amounts of impurities such as CO2, N2, H2S, and He.
- Top producers of natural gas include U.S., Russia, Iran, and Qatar respectively.
- Major source of electricity generation through the use of cogeneration, gas turbines and steam turbines.
- Commonly used for domestic and commercial purposes such as cooking and heating.
- CNG is a cleaner and also cheaper alternative to other automobile fuels such as gasoline (petrol) and diesel.
- Major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via the Haber process, for use in fertilizer production.
Impact of Fossil Fuels
- Non-renewable
- Environmental Hazards
- Accidents can be disastrous
- Price fluctuations
- Overdependence
- Need Huge Amount of Reserves
- Impact on Aquatic Life by Oil Spill
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the definitions and characteristics of fossil fuels, focusing on coal as a key energy resource. Participants will learn about different types of coal, their properties, and various applications in industries such as power generation and agriculture. Test your knowledge of the environmental and economic aspects of fossil fuels.
