Forms of Energy: Kinetic and Heat Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work
• Energy can be transformed from one form into another without any loss

Concept of Energy

• While energy is not directly visible, its effects are observable in the world
• A car is a system demonstrating energy, where the energy of its parts influences the whole car's movement and function
• The movement of car parts, engine heat, and light emission are all examples of energy in action
• Energy is the capacity to perform work, and it exists in various forms

Forms of Energy

• Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object; also referred to as movement energy
• All moving objects possess kinetic energy
• Increased molecular movement due to heating results in increased kinetic energy
• Heat energy transfers from hotter to cooler objects
• Heating an object increases the kinetic energy of its particles, causing them to move faster
• Cooling an object decreases the kinetic energy of its particles, causing them to slow down
• Higher heat energy in a substance leads to a higher temperature
• The sun and fuel combustion are major sources of grid energy
• Potential energy is stored energy that can be released to perform work
• Lifting an object above the Earth's surface gives it gravitational potential energy
• The force of gravity will pull the object back down if released
• Higher and heavier objects possess more gravitational potential energy when lifted
• An object's gravitational potential energy relies on its mass, height above the earth, and the force of gravity
• Potential energy transforms into kinetic energy as an object falls
• Chemical potential energy, a form of potential energy, is released when fuels like petrol or paraffin are burned
• The food contains chemical potential energy
• Food molecules release energy during respiration, enabling cells to perform work