Formation of the State of Maharashtra: Historical Aspects and Key Leaders

Formation of the State of Maharashtra

Maharashtra is one of the largest states in India, situated in the western region and covering a significant part of the Deccan Plateau. Its history dates back several centuries, encompassing various events and movements that led to its formation. This article will delve into these historical aspects, particularly the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, the role of leaders during this period, and how all of it culminated in the establishment of the state of Maharashtra.

samyukta maharashtra movement

Before we delve into the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, let's first understand the political context leading up to it. In ancient times, the present-day area of Maharashtra was divided into smaller kingdoms. However, by the early Middle Ages, it was united under the Chalukya Empire, which later became the Yadava Dynasty. After their decline, the Bahmani Sultanate established itself in the area. Following the fall of the Bahmanis, the region came under Maratha rule with Shivaji as its leader.

The Samyukta Maharashtra Movement was a major milestone in the struggle for the creation of a separate Maharashtra state within independent India. It began in 1960 when the States Reorganization Act was passed, merging the Bombay province into a single entity called Maharashtra. Many local politicians and activists believed that this amalgamation would lead to unequal development between different regions of the state, especially those belonging to different linguistic groups such as Marathi, Gujarati, and Konkani speakers.

The movement gained momentum after the infamous Tarkunde report, prepared by a committee appointed by the Indian government to address issues arising from the merger. The report confirmed the concerns raised by the locals regarding regional imbalances and the need for special provisions for these areas.

In response to these developments, the Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar-led Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) launched the Ekikaran Abhiyan (Integration Movement), advocating for the retention of the Bombay city region within the broader Maharashtra state. On the other hand, the Samyukta Maharashtra Vidhikar Manch (SMVM) emerged as the primary force behind the demand for a separate Maharashtra state, pushing for the division of the merged state along linguistic lines.

Over time, the movement gained widespread support among the people of Maharashtra, who felt marginalized due to the merger. The issue also received attention at the national level, with prominent figures like Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Home Minister Gulzarilal Nanda discussing it in Parliament.

Eventually, amidst protests, strikes, and clashes between supporters of both factions, the state of Maharashtra was finally formed on May 1, 1960. While the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement resulted in the division of the merged state, it has since been criticized for introducing new disparities and leading to the neglect of certain regions, further fueling the conflict over the years.

Role of Leaders in Maharashtra State Formation

Several key figures played crucial roles in the formation of Maharashtra. The most notable among them were Balasaheb Thackeray, founder of the Shiv Sena party, and Bhausaheb Hiray, a Congress party stalwart and the former Union Law Minister. These leaders provided strong leadership during the agitation, mobilizing public opinion and strategically guiding the movement towards its goal of a separate Maharashtra state.

Thackeray's Shiv Sena party played a critical role in organizing the Ekikaran Abhiyan, advocating for the retention of the Bombay city region within the broader Maharashtra state. His charismatic personality and ability to galvanize popular sentiment greatly influenced the course of events.

On the other hand, Hiray was instrumental in steering the SMVM, which demanded a separate Maharashtra state based on linguistic identity. His experience and influence within the Congress party were pivotal in garnering support for the cause at the national level.

Other prominent figures involved in the movement included Lokmanya Tilak, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, and Chief Minister Morarji Desai, who all contributed significantly to shaping the politics of modern Maharashtra.

Conclusion

The formation of the state of Maharashtra was a complex process that unfolded over decades, involving multiple factors and players. From the initial unification efforts under the Chalukyas to the re-establishment of regional autonomy through the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, the story of Maharashtra is intertwined with India's larger narrative of nation-building and self-determination. Through the actions of leaders like Balasaheb Thackeray and Bhausaheb Hiray, the spirit of collaboration and contestation continues to shape the future of this vibrant state.