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Questions and Answers
What are the primary sources of fossil fuels?
What are the primary sources of fossil fuels?
What is the main component of natural gas?
What is the main component of natural gas?
What is the process of refining petroleum?
What is the process of refining petroleum?
What type of coal is used for domestic heating?
What type of coal is used for domestic heating?
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How is coal typically extracted?
How is coal typically extracted?
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What is the primary use of bituminous coal?
What is the primary use of bituminous coal?
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What is a major use of petroleum?
What is a major use of petroleum?
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Which of the following is an environmental impact of coal?
Which of the following is an environmental impact of coal?
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What is the energy density of petroleum?
What is the energy density of petroleum?
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What percentage of efficiency does petroleum have?
What percentage of efficiency does petroleum have?
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What is a major use of coal?
What is a major use of coal?
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Study Notes
Formation and Composition
- Petroleum and coal are both fossil fuels formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
- Petroleum is formed from marine organisms, such as plankton and algae, that are buried in sedimentary rocks.
- Coal is formed from terrestrial plants, such as ferns and swamp vegetation, that are buried in sedimentary rocks.
Types of Petroleum
- Crude oil: a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be refined into various products, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
- Natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, that can be used as a fuel.
- Petroleum products: refined products, such as lubricants, waxes, and asphalt.
Types of Coal
- Anthracite: a high-carbon, low-volatile coal used for domestic heating and industrial applications.
- Bituminous: a mid-carbon, mid-volatile coal used for electricity generation and industrial applications.
- Sub-bituminous: a low-carbon, high-volatile coal used for electricity generation.
- Lignite: a low-carbon, high-volatile coal used for electricity generation.
Extraction and Refining
- Petroleum: extracted through drilling and pumping, refined through fractional distillation and cracking.
- Coal: extracted through mining, refined through washing and crushing.
Uses and Applications
- Petroleum:
- Transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel)
- Industrial applications (lubricants, waxes, asphalt)
- Electricity generation
- Petrochemicals (plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals)
- Coal:
- Electricity generation
- Industrial applications (steel production, cement production)
- Domestic heating
Environmental Impacts
- Petroleum:
- Climate change (greenhouse gas emissions)
- Air pollution (particulates, NOx, SOx)
- Water pollution (oil spills, drilling waste)
- Coal:
- Climate change (greenhouse gas emissions)
- Air pollution (particulates, NOx, SOx)
- Water pollution (mining waste, acid rain)
Energy Density and Efficiency
- Petroleum: high energy density, high efficiency (30-40%)
- Coal: low energy density, low efficiency (20-30%)
Formation and Composition
- Fossil fuels are formed from ancient plants and animals.
- Petroleum is formed from marine organisms like plankton and algae buried in sedimentary rocks.
- Coal is formed from terrestrial plants like ferns and swamp vegetation buried in sedimentary rocks.
Types of Petroleum
- Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be refined into various products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
- Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, used as a fuel.
- Petroleum products include refined products like lubricants, waxes, and asphalt.
Types of Coal
- Anthracite is a high-carbon, low-volatile coal used for domestic heating and industrial applications.
- Bituminous is a mid-carbon, mid-volatile coal used for electricity generation and industrial applications.
- Sub-bituminous is a low-carbon, high-volatile coal used for electricity generation.
- Lignite is a low-carbon, high-volatile coal used for electricity generation.
Extraction and Refining
- Petroleum is extracted through drilling and pumping, and refined through fractional distillation and cracking.
- Coal is extracted through mining, and refined through washing and crushing.
Uses and Applications
- Petroleum is used for transportation fuels, industrial applications, electricity generation, and petrochemicals.
- Coal is used for electricity generation, industrial applications like steel production and cement production, and domestic heating.
Environmental Impacts
- Petroleum use contributes to climate change, air pollution, and water pollution.
- Coal use contributes to climate change, air pollution, and water pollution.
Energy Density and Efficiency
- Petroleum has high energy density and efficiency (30-40%).
- Coal has low energy density and efficiency (20-30%).
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Description
Learn about the formation of petroleum and coal from ancient plants and animals, and explore the different types of petroleum, including crude oil.
