Formal vs Informal Language Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a more formal way to say "start"?

  • Initiate
  • Launch
  • Commence (correct)
  • Begin

Which of these pairs correctly shows an informal word and its more formal equivalent?

  • Go up - Reduce
  • Say sorry - Apologize (correct)
  • Look at - Observe
  • Set up - Destroy

What is a common characteristic of informal vocabulary?

  • Words exclusively used in academic writing
  • Longer words derived from Latin and Greek
  • Words with a complex grammatical structure
  • Shorter words often derived from Anglo-Saxon (correct)

Which modal verb is considered the most formal in the example provided in the text?

<p>Might (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an informal transition word?

<p>Anyways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a more formal greeting for an email to a potential client?

<p>To whom it may concern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a more formal way to say "I hope to hear from you soon"?

<p>I look forward to hearing from you (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of informal email language, what does "ASAP" stand for?

<p>As Soon As Possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested maximum length of a curriculum vitae (CV)?

<p>Three pages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be included in a cover letter's first paragraph?

<p>A summary of your career goals and how they align with the company's goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a cover letter, what is the purpose of the second paragraph?

<p>To demonstrate how your skills and experience align with the job description (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cover letter?

<p>To introduce yourself and explain why you are a good fit for the job (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to get someone else to review your cover letter?

<p>To ensure that the content is grammatically correct and free of typos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to writing a cover letter?

<p>Use a clear and concise writing style, avoiding overly complex language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these should be avoided in a CV?

<p>Providing a detailed description of your work experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the third paragraph in a cover letter?

<p>To explain how you can contribute to the company's success (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of informal letters or emails?

<p>To share news and keep in touch with acquaintances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the greeting in informal emails is correct?

<p>The greeting can start with 'Dear' or 'Hi', followed by the first name. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical opening for an informal email?

<p>What are your thoughts on this matter? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would you use an informal apology?

<p>When explaining to a friend why you missed their event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are informal emails typically expected to include?

<p>Casual tone and personal touches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is suitable for giving news in an informal email?

<p>By the way, have you heard about...? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate way to extend an invitation in an informal email?

<p>Would you be interested in joining us for a gathering? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the body of an informal email be structured?

<p>No specific structure, allowing for a natural flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is suitable for making a request?

<p>I wonder if you could help me. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate way to express gratitude?

<p>It was so kind of you to invite me. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best phrase to use when making a suggestion?

<p>Why don’t you consider visiting Boston? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best way to close a letter?

<p>I hope to hear from you soon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an effective way to offer encouragement?

<p>I wish you good luck in your driving test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended way to sign off a letter?

<p>Best wishes, (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element that an article must include to engage the reader?

<p>Attention-grabbing title (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is least appropriate for closing a friendly letter?

<p>Do be on time, won’t you? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression is most suitable for acknowledging receipt of a gift?

<p>It was so kind of you to invite me. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which style should be avoided when writing an article?

<p>Formal language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended structure for presenting ideas in an article?

<p>Divided into sections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested part of writing a conclusion in an article?

<p>Introducing a new topic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language is recommended to make an article lively and interesting?

<p>Personal anecdotes and humor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including rhetorical questions in an article?

<p>To involve the reader (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the tone an article should ideally maintain?

<p>Neutral and slightly personal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is essential in a review of a book or film?

<p>Personal recommendations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of including personal details in a CV?

<p>To clearly identify the applicant to potential employers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the CV should list education and qualifications in reverse order?

<p>Education and qualifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT advised to include in a CV?

<p>Your salary history (A), Your photo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what order should work experience be presented in a CV?

<p>Chronological order starting from the most recent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of skills should be included in the CV?

<p>Skills relevant to the role applied for, including languages and recent training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is considered less important to include in a CV?

<p>Hobbies and interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be emphasized more in the work experience section of a CV?

<p>More recent jobs with relevant experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional experience can enhance a CV significantly?

<p>Dissertations and research experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Formal Vocabulary

Words that are longer or have Latin/Greek origins used in professional contexts.

Informal Vocabulary

Shorter words or those with Anglo-Saxon origins, commonly used in casual conversation.

Modal Verbs

Auxiliary verbs expressing ability, permission, or requests, varying in formality.

Transition Words

Words or phrases that connect ideas and vary in formality, like 'but' (informal) vs 'however' (formal).

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Informal Greetings

Casual ways to start a letter or conversation, like 'Hi' or 'Hey'.

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Formal Greetings

Polite or formal ways to start a letter, like 'Dear Sir or Madam'.

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Informal Expressions

Casual phrases used in communication, such as 'just wanted to let you know'.

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Formal Expressions

Polite phrases for communication, like 'I am writing to inform you...'.

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Informal Letter

A letter usually exchanged between friends or acquaintances that includes personal news and requests.

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Greeting in Informal Emails

Starts with 'Dear' or 'Hi' followed by the recipient's first name, ending with a comma.

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Openings in Informal Letters

Common phrases to start an informal letter showing warmth, like 'How are you?' or 'It’s been a while.'

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Referring to News

Phrases used to acknowledge recent events in someone's life, such as 'Great news about…'

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Giving News

Expressions to share personal updates, e.g., 'You’ll never believe what…' or 'Did I tell you about…?'

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Apologies in Informal Letters

Phrases to express regret for missing events or special occasions, like 'I’m sorry for missing your party.'

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Invitations in Informal Letters

Casual phrases inviting someone to an event, e.g., 'I’d love to come to your party.'

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Structure of Informal Emails

Includes a greeting, body (openings, news, invitations), and closing remarks.

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CV

A document summarizing personal, educational, and work history.

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Personal details in CV

Contact information and personal data that starts a CV.

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Education section

Part of the CV listing institutions and qualifications, in reverse order.

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Employment history

Chronological order of positions held, starting with the most recent job.

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Skills in CV

Relevant abilities like language proficiency and computer skills listed in the CV.

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No photo in CV

Your CV shouldn’t include your photo to avoid bias.

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Relevant information

Details included in the CV that directly support the job you’re applying for.

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Omit salary history

There's no need to include your past salary details in a CV.

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Curriculum Vitae (CV)

A document summarizing your education, skills, and work experience.

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Cover Letter

A one-page document sent with a CV to introduce yourself to a hiring manager.

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CV Length

A good CV should ideally cover no more than two pages and never more than three pages.

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Tailored CV

Having several versions of your CV tailored to specific jobs or industries.

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Format Check

Ensure the CV has a professional layout and is easy to read.

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Proofreading

Reviewing your CV for typos and grammatical errors before submission.

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First Paragraph (Cover Letter)

Introduces the position applied for and basic info about yourself.

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Closing the Cover Letter

Conclude by expressing interest in an interview and follow-up intention.

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Thank you responses

Expressions to show gratitude in letters, such as thanking for hospitality or gifts.

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Making requests

Phrases used to ask for help or favors politely, like 'Could you help me?'

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Congratulatory phrases

Expressions used to congratulate others, especially for achievements like exams.

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Good luck wishes

Expressions wishing someone success in an upcoming challenge or test.

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Making suggestions

Phrases used to propose ideas or activities, such as 'Why don’t you...?'

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Closing statements

Phrases to conclude a letter, expressing final thoughts or future contact intentions.

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Greeting and sign off

The formalities of beginning and ending a letter, including salutations and farewells.

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Future contact references

Expressions used to encourage ongoing communication, such as 'Hope to hear from you soon.'

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Purpose of an Article

To inform, interest, and engage the reader with opinions or comments.

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Engaging the Reader

Use rhetorical questions and direct addressing to involve the audience.

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Structure of an Article

Divided into sections, includes an introduction, main content, and conclusion.

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Article Style

Should be personal or neutral, not overly formal; can use contractions.

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Lively Language

Use vivid examples and humor to make the article engaging.

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Conclusion of an Article

Summarizes key points and provides closure to the reader.

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Purpose of a Review

To inform about a book, film, or show and provide opinion/recommendation.

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Useful Language for Articles

Phrases to involve readers, share opinions, and develop points.

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Study Notes

Written Communication in English

  • This presentation covers strategies for oral and written communication in English.
  • The presentation is divided into sections: Writing in informal and formal language.
  • 2.1 Writing in informal language: Letter and email to a friend.
  • 2.2 Writing in formal language:
    • CV
    • Covering letter
    • Article
    • Review of a book/film
    • Report

Written Communication

  • Written communication is more unique and formal than speech.
  • Written communication is more valid and reliable.
  • Written communication is more precise and explicit.
  • Written communication provides records and references.
  • Feedback for written communication takes time.

Writing in Informal Language

  • Informal language is used in relaxed situations among people who know each other well.
  • Informal writing often involves casual conversations.
  • The presentation lists the structure of an informal email to a friend.
    • Greeting
    • Body (referencing news, giving news, apologies, invitations, requests, thank yous, congratulations, good luck, suggestions, recommendations)
    • Closing
  • Informal letter examples include
    • Starting with greetings, like "Hi Robert,"
    • Using informal words (e.g., "She's decided" instead of "She has decided")
    • Using ellipsis (e.g., "Went to Barcelona for the weekend. Lots to tell you.")
  • Examples of common informal openings
    • How are you?
    • Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter/postcard.
    • It was good great to hear from you again.
    • I'm sorry I haven't written/haven't been in touch for such a long time.
    • It's ages since I've heard from you.

Formal and Informal Language Difference

  • Formal language is used in serious situations with people you don't know well.
  • Formal situations use specific terms and follow a strict structure.
  • Formal language uses precise language and avoids casual tones.

Formal and Informal Vocabulary

  • Formal vocabulary frequently uses longer words with Latin or Greek roots.
  • Informal language primarily uses shorter words with Anglo-Saxon origins.
  • Dictionaries often categorize words as formal or informal.
  • Modal verbs are used to express formality and politeness.
  • Examples of modal verbs used in different levels of formality:
    • Can I suggest... (neutral)
    • May I suggest... (more formal)
    • Might I suggest... (very formal)

Verbs (Informal/Formal Equivalents)

  • A table provides informal and formal equivalents for various verbs.

Transitions (Informal/Formal Equivalents)

  • A table provides informal and formal equivalents for various transitions (e.g., "Anyways" vs. "Nevertheless").

Letter Expressions (Informal/Formal)

  • A table displays informal and formal expressions for letters.
  • Example informal expressions: "Hi Robert," "Just wanted to let you know," and "Love."
  • Example formal expressions: "Dear Sir or Madam," "I am writing to inform you...".

Writing in Formal Language (Different Formats)

  • CV (Curriculum Vitae)
  • Covering Letter
  • Article
  • Review of a book/film
  • Report

CV (Curriculum Vitae)

  • Clear, concise, accurate, and up-to-date with employment and education history.
  • Structure should use reverse chronological order, beginning with the most recent role.
  • CV information should be relevant to the position you're applying for.
  • CV tips:
    • Have several versions
    • Keep it short and concise
    • Use formal and well-written language

Covering Letter

  • One-page document sent with your CV.
  • A covering letter introduces you to the hiring manager, explains why you're a good fit for the job, and explains aspects of your CV.
  • Structure includes a greeting, body, concluding remarks and closing.

Article

  • Articles are meant to inform, interest, engage, and have an opinion.
  • Articles include a short title.
  • Introduce the topic directly with a rhetorical question.
  • The sections of an article should be organized.
  • Articles use a neutral or semi-formal style.

Review of a Book/Film

  • A concise summary for books, films, plays, etc.
  • Purpose is to inform readers/viewers and suggest reading/seeing.
  • Includes an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion.

Report

  • Provides factual information and recommendations.
  • Should be clearly organized.
  • Reports include specific headings to emphasize the main points clearly.

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