10 Questions
What is the main difference between DFA and NFA?
DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) is a finite automaton where every string has a unique computation, whereas NFA (Non-Deterministic Finite Automaton) is a finite automaton where a string can have multiple computations.
What is the purpose of LL(1) parsing?
LL(1) parsing is used to parse context-free grammars and generate a leftmost derivation.
What is the role of handle pruning in LR grammar parsing?
Handle pruning is used to eliminate unnecessary handles in the parsing process, resulting in a more efficient parser.
What is the difference between S-attributed and L-attributed grammars?
S-attributed grammars evaluate attributes during the parse tree construction, whereas L-attributed grammars evaluate attributes during the parse tree traversal.
What is the purpose of abstract syntax trees in compiler design?
Abstract syntax trees (ASTs) represent the source code in a tree-like structure, allowing for easier analysis and manipulation of the code.
What is the main difference between type checking and type inference?
Type checking verifies the correctness of a program's type annotations, whereas type inference infers the types of variables and expressions without explicit annotations.
What is peephole optimization in compiler design?
Peephole optimization is a code optimization technique that analyzes and optimizes short sequences of instructions.
What is the purpose of storage allocation strategies in compiler design?
Storage allocation strategies manage the allocation and deallocation of memory, ensuring efficient memory usage and minimizing memory leaks.
What is the purpose of register allocation and assignment in code generation?
Register allocation and assignment map variables and expressions to available registers, reducing memory accesses and improving code performance.
What is the role of DAG representation in code generation?
DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) representation is used to represent the flow of data and control in a program, allowing for efficient code generation and optimization.
Study Notes
Module-I: Formal Language and Regular Expressions
- Formal languages are defined using regular expressions
- Finite Automata is a mathematical model for recognizing regular expressions
- There are two types of Finite Automata: DFA (Deterministic Finite Automata) and NFA (Non-Deterministic Finite Automata)
- Conversion of regular expressions to NFA and NFA to DFA is possible
- Applications of Finite Automata include lexical analysis and lex tools
- Context-Free Grammars (CFG) are used to generate syntax of programming languages
- Parsing is the process of analyzing a string of symbols to determine its grammatical structure
- LL(K) and LL(1) grammars are types of CFGs used for parsing
Module-II: Bottom-up Parsing and Semantics
- Bottom-up parsing is a parsing technique that constructs a parse tree from an input string
- Handle pruning is a technique used to improve the efficiency of bottom-up parsing
- LR Grammar Parsing and LALR parsing are types of bottom-up parsing
- YACC (Yet Another Compiler Compiler) is a tool used to generate parsers
- Syntax-directed translation is a technique used to generate intermediate code
- S-attributed and L-attributed grammars are used to define the semantics of programming languages
- Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are data structures used to represent the source code of a program
Module-III: Context-Sensitive Features
- The Chomsky Hierarchy is a classification of formal languages based on their power
- Type checking is a technique used to ensure the correctness of a program
- Type conversions and equivalence of type expressions are used to check the type safety of a program
- Overloading of functions and operations is a feature of programming languages
- Context-sensitive features are used to analyze the semantics of a program
Module-IV: Run-time Storage and Code Optimization
- Storage organization refers to the way a program's data is stored in memory
- Storage allocation strategies are used to manage memory allocation
- Scope and access control are used to manage the visibility of variables
- Code optimization is the process of improving the performance of a program
- Principal sources of optimization include redundancy elimination and strength reduction
- Peephole optimization and flow graphs are techniques used to optimize basic blocks
- Data flow analysis is used to analyze the flow of data in a program
Module-V: Code Generation
- Machine-dependent code generation is the process of generating code for a specific machine
- Object code forms are used to represent the target code
- Generic code generation algorithms are used to generate code for different machines
- Register allocation and assignment are used to optimize the use of registers
- DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) representation of blocks is used to optimize the code generation process
This quiz covers formal language and parsing concepts, including regular expressions, finite automata, context-free grammars, and parsing techniques. It assesses understanding of language definitions, lexical analysis, and parsing algorithms.
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