Formal Language and Parsing
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between DFA and NFA?

DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) is a finite automaton where every string has a unique computation, whereas NFA (Non-Deterministic Finite Automaton) is a finite automaton where a string can have multiple computations.

What is the purpose of LL(1) parsing?

LL(1) parsing is used to parse context-free grammars and generate a leftmost derivation.

What is the role of handle pruning in LR grammar parsing?

Handle pruning is used to eliminate unnecessary handles in the parsing process, resulting in a more efficient parser.

What is the difference between S-attributed and L-attributed grammars?

<p>S-attributed grammars evaluate attributes during the parse tree construction, whereas L-attributed grammars evaluate attributes during the parse tree traversal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abstract syntax trees in compiler design?

<p>Abstract syntax trees (ASTs) represent the source code in a tree-like structure, allowing for easier analysis and manipulation of the code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between type checking and type inference?

<p>Type checking verifies the correctness of a program's type annotations, whereas type inference infers the types of variables and expressions without explicit annotations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peephole optimization in compiler design?

<p>Peephole optimization is a code optimization technique that analyzes and optimizes short sequences of instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storage allocation strategies in compiler design?

<p>Storage allocation strategies manage the allocation and deallocation of memory, ensuring efficient memory usage and minimizing memory leaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of register allocation and assignment in code generation?

<p>Register allocation and assignment map variables and expressions to available registers, reducing memory accesses and improving code performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DAG representation in code generation?

<p>DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) representation is used to represent the flow of data and control in a program, allowing for efficient code generation and optimization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module-I: Formal Language and Regular Expressions

  • Formal languages are defined using regular expressions
  • Finite Automata is a mathematical model for recognizing regular expressions
  • There are two types of Finite Automata: DFA (Deterministic Finite Automata) and NFA (Non-Deterministic Finite Automata)
  • Conversion of regular expressions to NFA and NFA to DFA is possible
  • Applications of Finite Automata include lexical analysis and lex tools
  • Context-Free Grammars (CFG) are used to generate syntax of programming languages
  • Parsing is the process of analyzing a string of symbols to determine its grammatical structure
  • LL(K) and LL(1) grammars are types of CFGs used for parsing

Module-II: Bottom-up Parsing and Semantics

  • Bottom-up parsing is a parsing technique that constructs a parse tree from an input string
  • Handle pruning is a technique used to improve the efficiency of bottom-up parsing
  • LR Grammar Parsing and LALR parsing are types of bottom-up parsing
  • YACC (Yet Another Compiler Compiler) is a tool used to generate parsers
  • Syntax-directed translation is a technique used to generate intermediate code
  • S-attributed and L-attributed grammars are used to define the semantics of programming languages
  • Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are data structures used to represent the source code of a program

Module-III: Context-Sensitive Features

  • The Chomsky Hierarchy is a classification of formal languages based on their power
  • Type checking is a technique used to ensure the correctness of a program
  • Type conversions and equivalence of type expressions are used to check the type safety of a program
  • Overloading of functions and operations is a feature of programming languages
  • Context-sensitive features are used to analyze the semantics of a program

Module-IV: Run-time Storage and Code Optimization

  • Storage organization refers to the way a program's data is stored in memory
  • Storage allocation strategies are used to manage memory allocation
  • Scope and access control are used to manage the visibility of variables
  • Code optimization is the process of improving the performance of a program
  • Principal sources of optimization include redundancy elimination and strength reduction
  • Peephole optimization and flow graphs are techniques used to optimize basic blocks
  • Data flow analysis is used to analyze the flow of data in a program

Module-V: Code Generation

  • Machine-dependent code generation is the process of generating code for a specific machine
  • Object code forms are used to represent the target code
  • Generic code generation algorithms are used to generate code for different machines
  • Register allocation and assignment are used to optimize the use of registers
  • DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) representation of blocks is used to optimize the code generation process

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Description

This quiz covers formal language and parsing concepts, including regular expressions, finite automata, context-free grammars, and parsing techniques. It assesses understanding of language definitions, lexical analysis, and parsing algorithms.

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