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Questions and Answers
What defines a forest according to the FAO definition?
What defines a forest according to the FAO definition?
What is the primary cause of deforestation according to the content?
What is the primary cause of deforestation according to the content?
Which forest management practice allows younger trees to grow under the shelter of mature trees?
Which forest management practice allows younger trees to grow under the shelter of mature trees?
What was the state of global deforestation during the peak in the 1980s?
What was the state of global deforestation during the peak in the 1980s?
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How much of Canada’s boreal forest is protected from logging?
How much of Canada’s boreal forest is protected from logging?
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What is a significant environmental impact of clearcutting?
What is a significant environmental impact of clearcutting?
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Which method of forest management is considered most economical in Canada?
Which method of forest management is considered most economical in Canada?
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What is a goal of ecological forestry as described in the content?
What is a goal of ecological forestry as described in the content?
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What is an example of a method used to ensure commercially viable tree species thrive after harvesting?
What is an example of a method used to ensure commercially viable tree species thrive after harvesting?
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What is the effect of increasing levels of greenhouse gases related to deforestation?
What is the effect of increasing levels of greenhouse gases related to deforestation?
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What has changed in disaster management approaches over recent decades?
What has changed in disaster management approaches over recent decades?
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Which of the following statements is true about the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami?
Which of the following statements is true about the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami?
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What was the intended purpose of establishing a 2km buffer zone after the tsunami?
What was the intended purpose of establishing a 2km buffer zone after the tsunami?
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What issue did the Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS) face after its establishment?
What issue did the Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS) face after its establishment?
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Which factor significantly contributed to vulnerabilities in disaster-prone areas?
Which factor significantly contributed to vulnerabilities in disaster-prone areas?
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What was the response to the need for tsunami evacuation shelters in high-risk areas?
What was the response to the need for tsunami evacuation shelters in high-risk areas?
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What approach did planners take in rebuilding after the tsunami?
What approach did planners take in rebuilding after the tsunami?
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What does the term 'Build Back Better' signify in disaster recovery?
What does the term 'Build Back Better' signify in disaster recovery?
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What role did computer simulations play in tsunami management?
What role did computer simulations play in tsunami management?
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What challenge was faced by relocated communities after the tsunami?
What challenge was faced by relocated communities after the tsunami?
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What ecological strategy was suggested for rebuilding coastal communities?
What ecological strategy was suggested for rebuilding coastal communities?
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What was a major consequence of the tsunami in Banda Aceh?
What was a major consequence of the tsunami in Banda Aceh?
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How did some communities practice acceptance of living with natural disasters?
How did some communities practice acceptance of living with natural disasters?
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What was a primary goal of land-use planning after the tsunami?
What was a primary goal of land-use planning after the tsunami?
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Study Notes
Forest Management
- Importance in Canada: A crucial topic, connecting to various class discussions.
- Forest Values: Addresses values of forest ecosystems, carbon cycling, and human interaction.
- Forest Definition: No single definition globally; approximately 800 definitions exist. A forest requires trees to be present and is dependent on the context of the land use. It can be a site with trees, or have no trees on it and still be considered as forest.
- FAO Definition: FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) defines a forest as land with over 0.5 hectares and 10% tree canopy cover. Land requires trees at least 5 meters tall.
- Reforestation: 34% of pledged reforestation land is aimed at natural regeneration.
- Deforestation: Removal of trees and conversion of the land for other uses. FAO defines deforestation as any removal exceeding 10% of trees that exist on a piece of land. Global deforestation peaked in the 1980s, but wood supply is set to increase until 2050.
- Forest Management Practices: Canada's extensive boreal forest, crucial in the country, sees 9% protected from logging. Logging occurs over 7100 km2 annually. Replanting occurs for 4200 km2, but isn't enough for full forest reproduction.
- Clearcutting: The most dominant method in Canada, economic, involving the removal of all trees. Impacts vary. Mimics natural disturbances, but careful regeneration practices focus on desirable trees.
- Regeneration: Strategies use suppression and selection of trees to encourage regrowth of desirable species.
- Shelterwood Cutting: Retains mature trees, allowing for the growth of younger trees.
- Selective Cutting: Harvesting mature and defective trees while maintaining a varied aged stand.
- Ecological Forestry: Emphasizes the ecological function of the forest alongside timber harvesting.
Ecosystem Story Maps
- Purpose: In-depth connection to one or two concepts within the document; comparisons between sites. Encourage third-person, formal writing.
- Picture Descriptions: Brief descriptions of vegetation, avoiding identification of specific species.
- Information Use: Reports help in identifying invasive species and other relevant ecological connections.
- Human Impacts: A final overview of human impacts within the ecosystem.
Natural Hazards
- Increased Disaster Activity: Significant increase in disaster incidents and damage over five decades, linked to changes in human settlement locations. Reactive approaches are shifting toward proactive resilience building.
- Post-Disaster Recovery: Political will significantly influences rebuilding and resilience measures.
- "Build Back Better" Strategies: Focus on economic rebuilding and incorporating resilience measures during recovery.
Case Study: 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
- Causes: A major earthquake triggered a destructive tsunami.
- Magnitude and Impact: The 9.1-9.3 magnitude earthquake lasted 10 minutes, causing roughly 250,000 deaths, with Indonesia experiencing the worst effects.
- Tsunami Characteristics: Tsunamis can be predicted and the path followed, as the water receded before the wave arrived.
- Resilience and Planning: Original plans to reduce exposure through land-use planning by creating a 2km buffer zone. The presence of natural barriers, etc provide resilience for communities.
Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS)
- System Development: Tsunami early warning systems were later established, and the systems are crucial because they contain and track tsunami pressure levels and give important information to track and warn citizens and communities.
- System Issues: The systems sometimes encounter safety issues due to various disruptions.
- Computer Simulation: Computer simulations help in evaluating risk and predicting potential tsunami impacts.
Relocation
- Community Needs: Relocation can be challenging due to loss of livelihoods and community structure; taking time and effort to rebuild community and livelihoods.
- Community Benefits: Relocation to safer areas can improve people's psychological well-being.
- Rebuilding Efforts: Time and effort are needed to establish new community livelihoods in the relocation areas.
Living with Natural Hazards
- Acceptance and Adaptation: Acceptance and adaptation to natural events is key for better safety standards. Planning philosophy prioritizes living with the environment by giving water space to flow.
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Description
This quiz explores the crucial importance of forest management in Canada, discussing the values of forest ecosystems, definitions of forests, and the implications of deforestation and reforestation. It also covers statistical insights into forest classification and global trends in tree cover.
