Forest Cover Assessment Overview 2023
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Questions and Answers

Under the modified design, FSI is laying 12,000 plots in the forest area each year.

False (B)

The total forest and tree cover of the country is 8,27,356.95 km², which represents 25.17% of the geographical area.

True (A)

Volume-ll of ISFR 2023 contains national level assessments such as forest fires and carbon stock.

False (B)

The current assessment shows a decrease of 156.41 km² in Forest Cover compared to the previous assessment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Tree Cover of the country has an area of 1,12,014.34 km², which is 3.41% of the geographical area.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Very Dense Forest (VDF) has a canopy density of less than 70%.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) was launched by FSI in 2002.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open Forest (OF) is defined as having a canopy density equal to or more than 10%.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The methodology for Forest Cover Mapping has remained unchanged since 1987.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sampling design for the National Forest Inventory was modified in 2016 to reduce revisit time from 20 years to 10 years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 3,500 sample plots are inventoried every year in forest areas under NFI.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A comprehensive manual has been developed to guide the Forest Cover Mapping process to enhance subjectivity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of tree canopy density includes only three categories: VDF, MDF, and Open Forest.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) has been published 18 times since its inception in 1987.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first ISFR was published in 2000.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total forest cover in districts under WGESA is estimated to be 44,043.99 km2.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arunachal Pradesh has the maximum growing stock in forests at 400.02 M m³.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forest cover is defined as land with a tree canopy density of at least 20%.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forest Survey of India utilizes high-resolution satellite data for forest cover mapping.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Himachal Pradesh has the highest per ha growing stock in forests with 219.46 m³.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Madhya Pradesh shows the highest increase in bamboo-bearing area.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ISFR includes monitoring of greenhouse gas inventory related to forests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Very Dense forest has decreased by 3,465.12 km2 over the last decade.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total Mangrove cover in the country is 4,991.68 km2, which is 0.15% of the total geographical area.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The forest cover mapping for ISFR 2023 was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The potential production of industrial wood from Trees Outside Forests is estimated at 91.51 M m³ per year.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total bamboo bearing area in the country is estimated to be 154,670 km².

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Additional satellite images were procured only for the North Eastern region for better-quality imagery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open Mangroves constitute the largest area among the different types of Mangrove cover.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The North Eastern region has shown a net increase of 327.30 km2 in forest cover.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shorea robusta contributes 11.43% to the total volume inside the forests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forest land assessment is crucial for evaluating various policies related to forestry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Karnataka has the highest bamboo-bearing area in the country at 20,421 km².

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the fire season 2023-24, the number of fire hotspots detected was greater than the number detected in 2021-22 season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mangifera indica contributes 4.16% to the total volume in Trees Outside Forests.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total growing stock of wood in the country is estimated at 6,429.64M m3.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gujarat has an increase of 36.39 km2 in Mangrove forest cover.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The forest cover of the country increased by 16,630.25 km2 during the decade from 2013 to 2023.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mangrove cover has decreased by 296.33 km2 between 2013 and 2023.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tree cover saw a reduction of 20,747.34 km2 from 2013 to 2023.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soil organic carbon increased from 55.85 tonnes per hectare to 56.08 tonnes per hectare over the years.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The load of moderate to heavy grazing increased to 41.04% compared to 35.79% in 2013.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biotic influences on forests increased from 31.28% in 2013 to 26.66% in 2023.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The area under mixed size classes in forests increased from 21.12% to 38.11% by 2023.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Total forest and tree cover accounts for 73.50% of the geographical area of the country.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

India State of Forest Report (ISFR)

Regular assessment of forest resources using scientific methods to monitor and plan for the forestry sector.

Forest Survey of India (FSI)

An organization mandated to assess forest resources in India using satellite data and field information.

Forest Cover

Lands with a tree canopy density of at least 10% or more, irrespective of ownership, legal status, and land use.

ISFR 2023

The 18th edition of the India State of Forest Report, published in 2023.

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Recorded Forest Areas

Lands that are officially designated as forests.

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LULUCF Sector

Land use, Land-use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is the forestry sector in the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).

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Additional Satellite Images

The satellite data used for mapping forest cover in ISFR 2023 was procured from January 2022 to April 2022 to improve image quality.

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Monitoring of NDC Targets

The ISFR provides data on forest resources and is used for monitoring targets related to climate change and deforestation.

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Forest Cover Classification

The process of classifying forest cover based on tree canopy density, including categories like Very Dense Forest (VDF), Moderately Dense Forest (MDF), and Open Forest (OF).

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Optimal Time Window

A time window chosen for satellite data collection when clouds are minimal and vegetation is fully grown, resulting in clear images and accurate interpretation.

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Forest Cover Assessment Methodology

The assessment of forest cover using satellite image processing, visual analysis, ground verification, and quality checks.

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Methodology Evolution

The continuous improvement and adaptation of forest cover mapping methodologies to incorporate advancements in technology and image interpretation techniques.

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Forest Cover Mapping Manual

A comprehensive manual developed to standardize and guide the processes involved in forest cover mapping, ensuring consistency and quality.

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National Forest Inventory (NFI)

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) program launched by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) in 2002 to collect data on forests and trees outside forests (TOF).

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NFI Sampling Design

The process of stratifying the country into physiographic zones and selecting districts for detailed inventory to generate national estimates of forest resources.

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NFI Sampling Design Modification

The modification of the NFI sampling design in 2016 to improve data accuracy, generate state-level estimates, and reduce the revisit time.

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What is the grid-based design used by FSI?

A method used by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) for measuring forest cover and other forest attributes. It utilizes a grid-based design with uniform grids of 5km x 5km, selecting specific grids for detailed examination each year.

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What is meant by 'Forest and Tree Cover'?

The total area of land covered by forests and trees in a given region. This includes both closed forests and areas with scattered trees, such as plantations or agroforestry systems.

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What is the significance of Forest Cover Percentage?

The percentage of a country's geographical area covered by forests and trees. It is a key indicator of environmental health and biodiversity, and serves as a measure of a nation's forest resources.

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What is 'Growing Stock' in a forest?

The process of measuring the volume of standing timber in a forest, which is a key indicator of forest health and resource availability. It involves assessing the number, size, and species of trees within a specific area.

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What is meant by 'Decadal Change' in forest cover?

Changes in the forest cover over a period of time, which can be analyzed to understand trends in deforestation, afforestation, and the overall health of forest ecosystems. This can reveal the impact of human activities and climate change.

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Forest and Tree Cover

The total area covered by forests and trees in a country, including both natural forests and planted trees.

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Growing Stock

The amount of wood present in a given area of forest.

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Humus

The layer of organic matter on the surface of the soil. It improves soil health and helps plants grow.

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Floral Biodiversity

The presence of different types of trees and other plants in a forest.

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Faunal Biodiversity

The presence of different types of animals in a forest.

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Grazing Load

The amount of grazing pressure on a forest area, which can impact plant growth.

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Forest Disturbances

Factors that negatively impact forest health, such as diseases, pests, and human activities.

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Forest Enabling Conditions

Conditions that promote forest growth and health, such as good soil and water.

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Growing Stock in Forests

The total amount of wood volume present in a forest area per hectare, indicating the potential timber resource.

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States with Highest Growing Stock

States with the highest total amount of wood volume in their forests.

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States with Highest Per ha Growing Stock

States with the highest amount of wood volume per hectare of forest, highlighting dense forest areas.

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Dominant Tree Species in Indian Forests

Tree species that contribute the most to the total wood volume in Indian Forests.

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Dominant Tree Species Outside Forests

Tree species that contribute the most to the total wood volume found in trees outside of forests.

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Potential Production of Industrial Wood from TOF

The amount of industrial wood that can be potentially produced from trees outside of forests, potentially contributing to sustainable forestry.

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Bamboo Bearing Area in India

The total area in India where bamboo grows, highlighting its importance for diverse uses.

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States with Highest Bamboo Bearing Area

States with the largest bamboo bearing area, indicating significant bamboo resources.

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Forest Cover Change in Western Ghats

Forest cover in the Western Ghats, estimated at 44,043.99 km2, has seen a slight decrease of 58.22 km2 over the past decade.

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Forest Type Changes in Western Ghats

Very Dense Forest area in the Western Ghats has increased by 3,465.12 km2, while Moderately Dense and Open Forest areas have decreased by 1,043.23 km2 and 2,480.11 km2 respectively.

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Forest Cover in Hill Districts

The total forested area in the hill districts of India is 2,83,713.20 km2, representing 40% of the total geographical area.

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Recent Changes in Hill District Forest Cover

In the recent assessment, the forest cover in India's hill districts has increased by 234.14 km2.

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Forest Cover in North Eastern Region

Forest and tree cover in the North Eastern region of India is 1,74,394.70 km2, representing 67% of the geographical area. There has been a decrease of 327.30 km2 in forest cover.

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Mangrove Cover in India

The total Mangrove cover in India is 4,991.68 km2, which accounts for 0.15% of the total geographical area. Very Dense Mangrove comprises 1,463.97 km2 (29.33%), Moderately Dense Mangrove 1,500.84 km2 (30.07%), and Open Mangroves 2,026.87 km2 (40.60%).

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Mangrove Cover Changes in India

There has been a net decrease of 7.43 km2 in India's Mangrove coverage since the 2021 assessment. Gujarat experienced a notable decrease of 36.39 km2. Andhra Pradesh (13.01 km2) and Maharashtra (12.39 km2) witnessed notable increases.

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Fire Hotspot Trends in India

During the 2023-24 fire season, SNPP-VIIRS sensor detected 2,03,544 fire hotspots compared to 2,23,333 in 2021-22 and 2,12,249 in 2022-23. Uttarakhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh are the top three states with the most fire incidences in 2023-24.

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Study Notes

India State of Forest Report 2023 Executive Summary

  • Periodic assessment of forest resources is crucial for monitoring and better planning in the forestry sector.
  • The Forest Survey of India (FSI) is mandated to conduct regular assessments using satellite data and field information.
  • The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) is a biennial report, with the 2023 report being the 18th in the series.
  • ISFR data is useful for monitoring resources, evaluating policies, and optimizing forest utilization.
  • Input from the report aids in monitoring NDC targets, reporting GHG inventory, and country reporting for Global Forest Resource Assessments.

Forest Cover Mapping

  • Forest cover is defined as lands exceeding one hectare with a tree canopy density of 10% or more.
  • This includes orchards, bamboo, and palm, regardless of ownership or legal status.
  • Current mapping uses medium-resolution indigenous satellite data from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) LISS-III sensor.
  • The spatial resolution is 23.5 m, collected between October 2021 and December 2021.
  • Additional imagery from January 2022 to April 2022 was acquired in specific regions like the Northeast, coast, and islands for higher quality.

Forest Cover Classification

  • Classification is based on tree canopy density:
    • Very Dense Forest (VDF): Canopy density ≥ 70%
    • Moderately Dense Forest (MDF): Canopy density ≥ 40% < 70%
    • Open Forest (OF): Canopy density ≥ 10% < 40%

Forests and Trees Outside Forests (TOF) Inventory

  • The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is used to assess growing stock and other parameters.
  • The country was stratified into 14 physiographic zones.
  • 60 districts were selected for detailed inventory assessments.
  • 3,500 sample plots were inventoried in forest areas and 5000 plots inventoried in TOF annually.
  • FSI modified the NFI sampling design in 2016 to improve State-level estimates and reduce revisit cycles to 5 years.

Salient Findings (2023)

  • Total forest and tree cover is 8,273,569.95 km² (25.17% of the geographical area).
  • The total forest cover is 7,153,426.61 km² (21.76%).
  • Tree cover is 1,120,143.34 km² (3.41%).
  • National-level forest cover increased by 156.41 km² compared to the previous assessment.
  • Increases in forest cover observed in Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan.
  • Decreases in forest cover observed in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Ladakh, and Nagaland.
  • State-specific details about the increase and decrease in forest cover and TOF information are provided.

Other Key Findings

  • The extent of TOF (forest outside reserved forests or gazetted areas and tree cover) is 30.70 M ha (37.11% of total forest and tree cover).
  • Maximum tree cover: Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Analysis of forest cover changes in Western Ghats Eco-Sensitive Areas (WGESA) has been performed.

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Description

This quiz delves into the recent assessments of forest and tree cover in the country as outlined in Volume-ll of ISFR 2023. It covers crucial topics such as forest fires, carbon stock, and the methodology behind the National Forest Inventory. Participants will be tested on key statistics and definitions related to forest cover and its classifications.

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