Forensic Science Development in India

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB) in 1905?

To analyze evidence related to firearms and ballistic examinations.

To investigate cases of counterfeit and forged currency notes.

To provide training in scientific investigation of crimes like drug abuse, terrorism, etc.

To coordinate the activities of State FPBs in tracing interstate criminals. (correct)

In which year did the first Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) in India become fully operational?

1953 (correct)

1955

1952

1957

Which organization was responsible for the administration of the Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB) from 1955 to 1973?

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

Intelligence Bureau (IB) (correct)

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL)

Which of the following was NOT a discipline initially included in the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) established in Calcutta in 1957?

Forensic Psychology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of establishing the Central Detective Training School (CDTS) in Calcutta in 1956?

To provide training in scientific investigation of crimes like drug abuse, terrorism, etc. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations was responsible for establishing the Central Forensic Institute (CFI) in Calcutta?

Intelligence Bureau (IB) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant event in the development of forensic science in India during the 1950s?

Establishment of the first Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) in Calcutta. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the establishment of the Central Medicolegal Advisory Committee?

The need to improve the study and application of Forensic Medicine. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of setting up two committees by the Union Government in 1959?

To give a lead to all the States in improving existing forensic science labs and establishing new ones. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB) abolished in 1922?

Due to retrenchment proposals of the Inchape Committee. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Neutron Activation Analysis Unit of CFSL, Calcutta established?

1970 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was established in 1964 on the pattern of the CDTS, Calcutta?

Central Detective Training School (CDTS), Hyderabad (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of establishing the Central Detective Training Schools?

To train operational police personnel in modern scientific techniques of crime investigation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Central Forensic Science Advisory Committee?

To advise on the establishment of new forensic science laboratories and the improvement of existing ones, excluding forensic medicine. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the Central Detective Training School (CDTS), Chandigarh get established?

1973 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the setup in Calcutta that housed the Central Detective Training School, the Central Forensic Science Laboratory, and the General Engineering and Quality Division?

Central Forensic Institute (CFI) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Central Medicolegal Advisory Committee in 1972?

It was discontinued. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Indian Academy of Forensic Sciences (IAFS) when it was established in 1960?

To promote the exchange of knowledge and research in forensic science. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial response of universities to the idea of introducing criminology and forensic science courses in India?

They showed some interest but progress was slow. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key recommendations made by the high-level committee regarding the introduction of Criminology and Forensic Sciences in university education?

A central, autonomous institution should be created to offer postgraduate courses in Criminology and Forensic Science. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (ICFS) when it was established in Delhi in 1971?

To provide training for inservice personnel and conduct research. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was Dr. VK Street’s recommendation, based on his visit to Indian forensic science institutions in 1972?

To create a post of Chief Forensic Scientist in the Ministry of Home Affairs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the key recommendation made by the Standing Committee on Forensic Science in 1973 regarding the development of forensic science in India?

To create a post of Chief Forensic Scientist. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When was the post of Chief Forensic Scientist finally sanctioned by the government?

1983 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation did the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet (SACC) make regarding the Central Forensic Science Laboratories in 1983?

These laboratories should be developed as autonomous Science & Technology institutions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the SACC's recommendations regarding the Central Forensic Science Laboratories?

The laboratories were declared Science and Technology institutions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial focus of the restructuring plan for the Central Forensic Science Laboratories, based on the Expert Group's observations?

Creating specialized scientific divisions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How were the offices of the Government Examiners of Questioned Documents strengthened during the restructuring process?

By increasing their staff and resources. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the creation of the Standing Committee on Forensic Science?

The discontinuation of the Central Medicolegal Advisory Committee. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main motivation behind the establishment of the Neutron Activation Analysis Unit in India?

To address the growing need for forensic analysis in the country. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What were the two distinct faculties included in the initial plan for the Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science?

Criminology and Forensic Science (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for establishing the first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory in Madras Presidency?

To investigate cases of poisoning (D) Signup and view all the answers

What method was used by the police to identify criminals before the introduction of photography?

Memorizing facial features (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the ancient Indians utilize their knowledge of fingerprints?

As a form of personal signature, especially for illiterate individuals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Chemical Examiner's Laboratories established in India?

They provided analytical services to neighboring states and Union Territories. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a key function of the Chemical Examiner's Laboratories established in India?

Training forensic scientists in advanced techniques. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the `Arthashastra' in the context of forensic science in India?

It offers detailed references to scientific methods used in crime investigation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What advancement in technology significantly improved the accuracy of criminal identification in India?

The invention of photography. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the use of fingerprints as signatures by illiterate people in India?

It was considered primarily a ceremonial practice. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the change in the role of CFSLs during the mid-1990s?

Establishment of state-level forensic science laboratories (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the new mandate given to the CFSLs of BPR&D?

To focus on R&D and specialized training in designated fields (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the BPR&D CFSLs acting as 'epitomes of quality and high standards' for state laboratories?

To ensure consistent application of forensic science practices across India (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective behind the establishment of the DNA Typing facility at CFSL Calcutta?

To provide advanced DNA typing services for crime investigation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What specific techniques were initially implemented in the DNA Typing facility at CFSL Calcutta?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based method, HLA-DQ alpha, and Polymarker Technique (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crime cases is NOT mentioned as being handled by the DNA Typing facility at CFSL Calcutta?

Hit-and-run cases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "Centers of Excellence" refer to in the context of BPR&D CFSLs?

Laboratories specializing in research and development in specific forensic science fields (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why did BPR&D decide to restrict crime case examination in CFSLs to cases from specific organizations?

To prioritize research activities over routine case work (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents a potential benefit of BPR&D CFSLs acting as referral centers for complex forensic cases?

Guaranteed higher accuracy in complex forensic analysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pooling resources into designated 'Centers of Excellence'?

To concentrate resources and expertise on specific areas of forensic science (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the Department of Explosives?

To analyze the use of explosives for criminal activities and accidents. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with pioneering the system of fingerprinting for the identification of criminals?

Edward Richard Henry (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial focus of the Government Examiner of Questioned Documents?

Identifying handwriting on secret documents tied to the Indian independence movement. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq make to the development of fingerprint classification?

He devised a mathematical formula to enhance Henry's system for sorting fingerprint records. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a regional office of the Department of Explosives?

Delhi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for establishing the Serology Department in Calcutta?

To examine blood and other bodily fluids for evidence in criminal cases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Footprint Section established under the CID?

To collect and analyze footprints found at crime scenes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is credited with establishing the first fingerprint bureau in the world?

Edward Richard Henry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the key reason for the British Government of Bengal to create the position of Government Handwriting Expert?

To identify handwriting on secret documents related to the Indian independence movement. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did the World War II have on the Government Examiner of Questioned Documents?

The office began handling cases involving encrypted messages. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with devising a system of sub-classification for fingerprints, a telegraphic code, and a single-digit classification system?

Rai Bahadur Hem Chandra Bose (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Anthropometric Bureau established in Calcutta?

1892 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What significant event led to the establishment of the first fingerprint bureau in Calcutta in 1897?

The recognition of fingerprints as a more accurate and reliable method of identification compared to anthropometry. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred to the Serology Department after India's independence?

It was renamed to include 'Chemical Examiner'. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What significant insight did William Herschel make about fingerprints?

Fingerprints are unique to each individual and remain unchanged throughout a lifetime. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What event prompted the expansion of the Government Examiner of Questioned Documents services beyond secret documents?

The recognition of the broader applicability of handwriting examination in legal cases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indian Forensic Science Development

Forensic science application in India dates back over 2300 years, evidenced by Kautilya's Arthashastra.
Indians understood fingerprint patterns and their unique characteristics for identification, centuries ago.
Early forensic laboratories, like the first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory at Madras in 1849, emerged to handle toxicology and chemical analysis in support of criminal justice.
Use of anthropometric measurements (Bertillon system) for criminal identification started in 1892, in Calcutta.
William Herschel, a district collector, pioneered fingerprinting for contract verification and prison identification.
Inspector General of Police Edward Richard Henry introduced the 10-finger fingerprint system in 1897, laying the foundation for the first fingerprint bureau globally (Calcutta).
Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq and Rai Bahadur Hem Chandra Bose contributed significantly to the fingerprint classification system.
A Department of Explosives with regional offices was established to aid investigations of explosions.
A Government Examiner of Questioned Documents (GEQD) post was established in 1904 in Bengal, handling document examination, later expanding to secret censorship and military training during WWII.
The Serology Department was established in 1910 and played a crucial role in providing serological analysis support for various criminal investigations. This department specialized in the detection and analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and other biological materials, which could offer vital evidence in determining the presence of individuals at crime scenes. By analyzing serological samples, investigators could link suspects to crimes or exonerate the innocent. The establishment of this department marked a significant advancement in forensic science, enhancing the toolkit available to law enforcement agencies in their pursuit of justice., established in 1910, provided serological analysis support in criminal investigations.
Footprint Section in CID, with examples like a Hindu constable using footprints for a successful burglary detection.

Central Forensic Laboratories and Institutions

Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB), later moved to Delhi and then Calcutta and finally NCRB.
Central Detective Training Schools in Calcutta and later Hyderabad and Chandigarh were established to train police personnel in scientific crime investigation.
Central Forensic Science Laboratories (CFSLs) were set up, initially at Calcutta (1957), and later in Hyderabad and Chandigarh (1965 & 1961).
Various sections like Forensic Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Ballistics were initially created at the CFSLs

Forensic Science Advancement & Modernizations

Forensic science laboratories were increasingly established in states across India for various analyses.
The CFSLs at Delhi, Calcutta and Hyderabad were envisioned as Science & Technology Institutions with modern equipment and manpower in accordance with 1983 S & T Recommendations.
Forensic Science Laboratories were reorganized in the 1990s to focus on R&D and specialization in specific areas, becoming "Centers of Excellence."
The first Forensic DNA Typing facility was established in Calcutta in 1998, utilizing modern DNA techniques (PCR).

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Description

Explore the rich history of forensic science in India, tracing back over 2300 years. This quiz covers key milestones, including the introduction of fingerprinting and the establishment of the first forensic laboratories. Test your knowledge on influential figures and systems that shaped forensic practices in the country.