Forensic Week 1
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Questions and Answers

What is forensic entomology primarily concerned with?

  • Examining skeletal remains
  • Using insects to provide information related to death (correct)
  • Soil analysis and mineral content
  • Understanding the chemical composition of bones
  • Which forensic technique involves examining soft tissues and skeletal remains?

  • Forensic Anthropology (correct)
  • Forensic Entomology
  • Forensic Geology
  • Forensic Odontology
  • How has facial reconstruction evolved over time?

  • From direct observation to computer simulations
  • From photographs to physical 3D models
  • From basic sketches to detailed clay sculptures
  • From clay models to digital techniques (correct)
  • What case is associated with the use of forensic odontology?

    <p>Ted Bundy's identification via a bite mark (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of forensic geology?

    <p>Analyzing mineral content and chemical properties of soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the examination of Linda Peacock's case reveal?

    <p>Bite marks found on her body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can affect the accuracy of facial reconstruction?

    <p>The age of the individual at the time of death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the reliability of forensic techniques?

    <p>The reliability of a technique increases with stronger evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining whether an act was murder or suicide in forensic investigations?

    <p>Injuries inconsistent with suicide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is considered when reconstructing past events in forensic science?

    <p>Victim's identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of the unidentified dead boy in April 1972, what was indicated about injuries possibly suggesting foul play?

    <p>Substantial internal bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor was noted about the baby in the murder charge consideration?

    <p>The baby was not charged with murder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does forensic evidence help determine in cases like Roberto Calvi's?

    <p>Whether the death was murder or suicide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do chemical weapons play in forensic investigations?

    <p>They assist in identifying victims and causes of death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which time period did the investigation related to the reconstruction of past events in sports occur?

    <p>1818 – 1840 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible explanation for the injuries of the boy in the Bukit Merah case?

    <p>He sustained injuries after death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'in vino veritas' imply in the context of a confession?

    <p>Truth is found in wine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor was missing in the case against Dick Cheney despite forensic evidence?

    <p>Intent to harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the murder case of Mdm Jetkor Miang Singh, what type of evidence was primarily used to link the suspect to the crime?

    <p>DNA analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the prosecution prove to establish a guilty charge?

    <p>Both the action and the intention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the conclusion regarding the forensic evidence in Williams' case?

    <p>It was deemed unreliable by the jury. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year was the murder of Mdm Jetkor Miang Singh committed?

    <p>1996 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'the act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty' emphasize?

    <p>Both intention and action are necessary for guilt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship between the forensic evidence and the findings in Cheney's case?

    <p>Forensic evidence was inconclusive regarding intent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit in forensic science is responsible for analyzing handwriting and printed materials?

    <p>Documents Unit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of toxicology in forensic science?

    <p>To analyze drugs and poisons in body fluids and organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which forensic method is used to analyze voices?

    <p>Voiceprint analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of latent fingerprints in forensic investigations?

    <p>They can be made visible using chemical means. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the polygraph measure in relation to lie detection?

    <p>Physiological responses associated with lying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which forensic science area investigates the stability and failure of structures?

    <p>Forensic Engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence is evaluated in a photography unit?

    <p>Visual records of evidence being presented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does computer forensics assist in criminal cases?

    <p>By recovering deleted data and tracking electronic trails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity did Richard Crafts engage in before the disappearance of Helle Crafts?

    <p>He collected guns and machinery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant event that happened on November 19th, 1986?

    <p>Richard Crafts reported his wife missing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unusual items did Richard Crafts purchase prior to his wife's disappearance?

    <p>A chainsaw, a freezer, and a wood chipper. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of blood evidence was found in Richard Crafts' house?

    <p>Blood stains that matched Helle's blood type (O+). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the police find in Lake Zoar that was crucial to the investigation?

    <p>A chainsaw containing human tissue and hair. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Richard Crafts' occupation?

    <p>An airline pilot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action did Richard Crafts take shortly after Helle Crafts' disappearance?

    <p>He took his children to a family gathering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Richard Crafts' bail amount when he was arrested?

    <p>$750,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Forensic Science CM5002

    A 3-credit course covering forensic science principles.

    Forensic Science Applications CM5022

    A 1-credit course focusing on the practical use of forensic science.

    Course Assessment (CM5002/5022)

    Online midterms (20% each) and a final exam (short answer, 60%).

    Learning Outcomes (CM5002/5022)

    Focus on factual knowledge, understanding and critical thinking.

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    Course Content Delivery

    Lectures mostly online via LAMS, with live guest lectures.

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    Course Instructors (Forensic Science)

    Roderick Bates (Science) and various specialists in Forensic fields.

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    Course Material Warning

    Course content may include graphic depictions of violence and crime.

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    Forensic science topics

    Includes subjects like DNA profiling, drugs, questioned documents, and physical evidence.

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    Actus Reus

    A guilty action that needs to be demonstrated in a legal case.

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    Mens Rea

    A guilty mind or intention; the person's mental state regarding the crime.

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    Forensic Evidence

    Scientific evidence used in legal cases to help determine if a crime occurred.

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    Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea

    An action does not make someone guilty unless their mind was also guilty.

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    Jury Persuasion

    Influence convincing a Jury to decide.

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    DNA Evidence

    Scientific evidence using biological material (often saliva) to match to potential suspects in a crime or to confirm identity in various cases

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    Crime Scene Evidence

    Physical evidence found at a crime scene that could help police determine the details of a crime.

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    Confession

    An admission of guilt or wrongdoing in a crime or act

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    Distinguishing Murder from Suicide

    Forensic evidence can help determine whether a death was a murder or suicide by analyzing injuries, wounds, and the crime scene.

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    Analyzing Injuries

    Examining injuries to understand how they occurred, if they are consistent with the official account, and if they suggest a specific cause of death.

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    Crime Scene Reconstruction

    The process of using evidence to recreate the events that led to a crime, including the actions of the victim, the perpetrator, and any witnesses.

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    Charge Determination

    The process of deciding what crime was committed and what charges to file against a suspect based on the evidence gathered.

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    Murder vs. Suicide: Roberto Calvi

    A real-life case where forensic evidence was used to determine whether the death of a prominent banker was murder or suicide.

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    Determining Cause of Death

    Using forensic science to establish how a person died, such as natural causes, accidental death, homicide, or suicide.

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    Forensic Entomology

    The study of insects used to gather information in criminal investigations, often focused on the time of death.

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    Forensic Geology

    The analysis of soil to identify its mineral content and chemical composition, linking a suspect or victim to a crime scene.

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    Forensic Anthropology

    Examining skeletal remains to determine the identity, sex, age, and cause of death. Useful when soft tissues have decomposed.

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    Facial Reconstruction

    Using skeletal remains to recreate the face of an individual, aiding in identification.

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    Forensic Odontology

    The study of teeth used for identification in criminal investigations, either by comparing dental records or analyzing bite marks.

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    Reliability of Evidence

    The strength and validity of evidence used in forensic investigations, which can vary depending on the technique and context.

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    Bite Mark Evidence

    A unique form of forensic evidence, often used for identification by comparing bite marks on a victim with dental records or a mould.

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    Forensic Science Laboratories

    Specialized facilities equipped for analyzing evidence using various forensic techniques, often crucial in criminal investigations.

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    Spectroscopy

    A technique that uses light to identify and analyze substances. It reveals the unique way light interacts with the material, acting like a fingerprint.

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    Microscopy

    Using microscopes to examine very small details of evidence, like fibers, hair, or paint chips, for identification and comparison.

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    Firearm Evidence

    Analyzing guns, bullets, and cartridge cases to link a weapon to a crime scene or a suspect.

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    Handwriting Analysis

    Examining handwriting to verify authenticity, identify writers, or uncover alterations in documents.

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    Polygraph

    A lie detector test that measures physiological responses like heart rate, breathing, and sweating to detect deception.

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    Voiceprint

    A unique acoustic pattern of a person's voice used for identification and comparison, similar to a fingerprint.

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    Psychiatric Profiling

    Analyzing a criminal's behavior and motives to help understand the crime and predict future actions.

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    Forensic Engineering

    Investigating structural failures or accidents, like bridge collapses, to determine the cause and prevent future incidents.

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    Richard Crafts

    An airline pilot who was suspected of murdering his wife, Helle Crafts, in 1986.

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    Helle Crafts

    A stewardess who disappeared in 1986, ultimately found to be murdered by her husband, Richard Crafts.

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    The Woodchipper Murder

    The name given to the murder case of Helle Crafts, where evidence suggested she was dismembered using a woodchipper.

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    What evidence was found in the Lake?

    Evidence found in the lake included human remains, a chainsaw, and hair, suggesting Helle Crafts had been dismembered and disposed of there.

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    Reconstruction of the crime

    Using forensic evidence, the police determined the sequence of events leading to Helle Crafts' death, including her being bludgeoned and placed in a freezer.

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    Why was Richard Crafts arrested?

    Richard Crafts was arrested on January 11th, 1987 after evidence indicated his involvement in the murder of his wife, with bail set at $750,000.

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    Bludgeoned

    A term used to describe the violent attack on Helle Crafts, implying she was beaten with a blunt force object.

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    Lie Detector Test

    Richard Crafts passed a lie detector test initially, despite later being implicated in the murder of his wife.

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    Study Notes

    Forensic Science Overview

    • Forensic science is the application of science to law, particularly in criminal justice.
    • It involves analyzing physical, chemical, and biological evidence.
    • Forensic science utilizes various techniques, including observation and experiment, to form theories.
    • Scientific principles are essential for reliable evidence interpretation.
    • Expert witnesses present findings in court to convince judges/juries.
    • Forensic science is applicable beyond criminal cases, including archaeology, sports, international politics, and disasters.

    Forensic Science in Court

    • Evidence from police, witnesses, and experts is presented to the prosecution and defense.
    • Judges determine if a person is guilty based on provided evidence.
    • Juries are selected from local citizens in some countries; it is not used in others.
    • Presumption of innocence favors the defense, with the prosecution having the burden of proof.

    Forensic Science Labs

    • Physical science units identify and compare evidence using tests like microscopy, spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and more, focusing on materials like drugs, glass, explosives, soil.
    • DNA labs study DNA samples for identification.
    • Biology units analyze hair, plants, and similar biological specimens.
    • Firearms units detect and analyze guns, bullets, cartridge cases and firearm damage.
    • Document units examine handwriting, printing, paper and ink.
    • Photography units record and present evidence through photography.
    • Toxicology focuses on assessing drugs and poisons in body fluids or organs
    • Voiceprint analysis, psychiatric profiling, electronic/computer forensics, forensic engineering, forensic entomology, forensic geopoly, forensic anthropology, facial reconstruction, forensic odontology, are studied.

    Historical Cases and Examples

    • Walter Dinivan (1939): A murder case in England where a body was found and a suspect linked to it through saliva matching. The jury ultimately did not believe the evidence.
    • Jetkor Singh (1996): A murder in Singapore. Evidence of cigarette butts and a DNA match led to a conviction.
    • Roderick "Pooh Pooh" Bates (2011): A homicide case where the suspect was linked to the crime scene
    • Kim Jong Nam (2017): A murder case involving a possible assassination attempt at an airport. A possible nerve agent was connected to the case.
    • Richard Crafts (1986-89): The Woodchipper case demonstrating the use of DNA identification, forensic evidence and physical reconstruction following an alleged murder, and a successful conviction.

    Scientific Principles

    • Locard's Exchange Principle: states that the criminal leaves evidence (like fibers, fingerprints) at the crime scene, or exchanges evidence (like soil, saliva) with the surroundings.
    • Individualization is focusing on distinguishing one object from a group of objects of the same type by identifying characteristic details.
    • Class characteristics - identifying characteristics that belong to an object or a group of objects, but not to a single object.

    Assessment Methods

    • Students are assessed primarily with common midterms and final exams, which cover content lectures, using MCQ for midterms and short-answer questions on final.

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    Related Documents

    Week 1- Intro to Forensics PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of the assessment structure and learning outcomes in the forensic science courses CM5002 and CM5022. Questions include the weight of the final exam, online mid-terms, and key figures in forensic DNA profiling. Test your knowledge of how the courses are structured and what content is delivered.

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