Forensic Science and Investigation

Forensic Expert's Role

Forensic Analysis

• Examination of physical evidence to determine its relevance to a crime
• Includes:
  • Chemical analysis of substances (e.g. drugs, toxins)
  • Biological analysis of bodily fluids (e.g. DNA, bloodstains)
  • Physical analysis of materials (e.g. fibers, paints)
• Goals:
  • Identify the source of the evidence
  • Determine the relevance of the evidence to the crime
  • Establish a link between the evidence and the suspect or victim

Scene Reconstruction

• Reconstruction of the crime scene to understand the sequence of events
• Based on:
  • Physical evidence found at the scene
  • Witness statements
  • Other available information
• Goals:
  • Establish the timing and sequence of events
  • Identify the actions of the perpetrator(s)
  • Reconstruct the crime scene to aid in the investigation

Crime Scene Investigation

• Systematic and thorough examination of the crime scene
• Includes:
  • Documentation of the scene (e.g. photographs, notes)
  • Collection of physical evidence (e.g. fingerprints, footprints)
  • Observation of the scene for potential clues
• Goals:
  • Preserve and document the crime scene
  • Collect and preserve physical evidence
  • Identify potential leads and areas for further investigation

Evidence Collection

• Systematic and careful collection of physical evidence
• Includes:
  • Collection of biological fluids (e.g. blood, saliva)
  • Collection of physical materials (e.g. fibers, hairs)
  • Collection of digital evidence (e.g. computer files, emails)
• Goals:
  • Preserve the integrity of the evidence
  • Ensure the chain of custody is maintained
  • Ensure the evidence is suitable for analysis and comparison