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Forensic Psychology vs. Criminology
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Forensic Psychology vs. Criminology

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Questions and Answers

What primary aspect does forensic psychology focus on regarding sex offenders?

  • Influence of social behaviors
  • Identifying criminal career patterns
  • Understanding societal norms
  • Mental illness and risk prediction (correct)

    • How do criminologists define the sex offender in contrast to forensic psychologists?

  • As a sexual specialist with specific criteria
  • As a victim of societal pressures and norms
  • As a generalist without unique risk factors (correct)
  • As a mentally disturbed individual requiring unique treatment

    • Which of the following best describes the challenge faced by clinicians and academics in relation to sex offenders?

  • Developing a unified legal framework for all sexual offenses
  • Identifying consistent patterns of behavior among offenders
  • Balancing the perspectives of both forensic psychology and criminology (correct)
  • Integrating social norms into treatment plans

    • What factors significantly influence definitions of sexual offending?

    <p>Social norms of society and historical context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can the understanding of sexual offenses vary across different societies?

    <p>Behaviors deemed as sexual offenses can differ significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which focus primarily distinguishes criminology from forensic psychology in the study of sex offenders?

    <p>Emphasizing the timing and location of crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the perspective of forensic psychologists on sex offenders?

    <p>They consider them to be mentally disturbed sexual deviants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major implication of the differing perspectives of forensic psychologists and criminologists?

    <p>Integration of their perspectives is crucial for effective understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the first element of sex offending from a legal perspective?

    <p>Any sexual act committed against a non-consenting victim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances is consent considered lacking?

    <p>When the victim is clearly unable to give consent due to incapacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which offenses are primarily classified under the second element of sex offending that violates social norms?

    <p>Incest, adultery, and prostitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of data used to estimate the prevalence of sex offending?

    <p>Official Data, Self-report Data, Victimization Data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of data is generated by and obtained from the Criminal Justice System?

    <p>Official Data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sexual assault defined in the Uniform Crime Report?

    <p>Any form of sexual activity forced on another person without consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations would most likely meet the criteria for lacking consent?

    <p>A person verbally declined to participate in the act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when conceptualizing sex offending in a social science perspective?

    <p>The societal norms and values at a given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sexual assaults reported in Canada result in charges being laid?

    <p>43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the General Social Survey, what is the approximate lifetime experience rate of sexual assault among women?

    <p>50 / 1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines sexual assault according to the General Social Survey?

    <p>Forced sexual activity or unwanted touching without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the current form of the criminal justice system have on preventing sexual assault, according to the content?

    <p>Completely negligible impact on prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the sexual assault incidents reported result in a conviction, based on the crime funnel data?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of offenders is typically caught quicker based on the content provided?

    <p>Those who target adult strangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sexual assaults were reported to the police according to the General Social Survey?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the victimization report by Koss et al (2022), what was the objective of the study?

    <p>Examine prevalence of rape victimization and perpetration among post-secondary students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the nature of sex offending behaviors?

    <p>They can be motivated by various factors and may or may not involve sexual contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychologists and psychiatrists focus on regarding sex offenders?

    <p>Mental health outcomes related to sexual deviance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to assess findings related to sex offending across disciplines?

    <p>Different disciplines prioritize various risk factors relevant to sex offending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group emphasizes the legal definitions of concepts like sexual harassment and sexual assault?

    <p>Sociologists/Feminists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason for the differing definitions of sexual crimes among disciplines?

    <p>Each discipline emphasizes aspects relevant to its field of study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all reported sexual assaults in Canada does SA Level 1 represent?

    <p>97.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much higher is the rate of Sexual Assault Level 2 among Indigenous communities compared to Non-Indigenous communities?

    <p>9X higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sexual assault level has the highest prevalence among both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous communities?

    <p>Level 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adult male federally sentenced sex offenders avoided detection for an average of 7.5 years?

    <p>3.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant vulnerability in the data regarding child victims among sentenced offenders?

    <p>They are predominantly intrafamilial victims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'Dark Figure of Sex Offending'?

    <p>It represents undetected crime in measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which limitation is associated with comparing sex crime rates between countries?

    <p>Different legal definitions of sex crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the events-to-victim ratio indicate?

    <p>The average number of victims per offender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sexual assault level accounts for the least number of reported cases in Canada?

    <p>Level 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of years that sex offenders in Quebec avoided detection?

    <p>7.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic is highlighted for having a significantly higher rate of child molestation?

    <p>Indigenous populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of victims for offenders who avoided detection for 611 or more years?

    <p>1.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group comparison highlights a significant disparity in sexual assault cases?

    <p>Indigenous vs. Non-Indigenous communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding was reported regarding the offenders who were caught quickest?

    <p>They usually target adult strangers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forensic Psychology vs. Criminology

    • Forensic psychology emphasizes the individual sex offender’s mental health, deviance, risk prediction, and treatment.
    • Criminology focuses on sexual crimes within the broader context of criminal behavior and general risk factors.
    • Both disciplines provide valuable but differing insights into the study of sex offenders.

    Sexual Offending: Definitions and Challenges

    • Definitions of sexual offending are shaped by social norms, which vary over time and between societies.
    • Sexual offending includes a wide range of behaviors, not all of which are primarily sexually motivated or involve sexual contact.

    Implications of Definition Challenges

    • Different disciplinary perspectives can lead to varying definitions of sexual offending, complicating research and understanding.
    • Psychologists focus on paraphilias, sociologists on legal definitions, and criminologists on a range of legally defined sexual behaviors.
    • Legally, sexual offending is defined by two main criteria: actions against a non-consenting victim and actions violating social norms.
    • Key determinants of consent include explicit refusal, coercive circumstances, and the victim's incapacity (e.g., age or mental state).

    Sexual Offending: Prevalence Data Collection

    • Sexual offending prevalence is estimated through official data, self-reports, and victimization reports.
    • Official data includes statistics from the Criminal Justice System such as arrests and convictions.
    • Victimization reports reflect surveys where individuals detail their experiences with sexual violence.

    Statistics from Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

    • Sexual Assault Level 1 accounts for 97.8% of reported sexual assaults in Canada, with lower rates for Level 2 (1.7%) and Level 3 (0.4%).
    • Significant disparities exist in sexual assault rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, highlighting socio-cultural issues.

    The Dark Figure of Sex Offending

    • Represents unreported or undetected crimes, which is particularly prominent in official crime statistics.
    • This concept underscores the importance of context in understanding true prevalence rates.

    Detection and Average Years Avoided

    • Adult male sex offenders typically avoided detection for an average of 7.5 years, with some evading capture for over 40 years.
    • Offenders targeting children usually avoid detection longer compared to those targeting adult strangers.

    Crime Funnel Explanation

    • The "crime funnel" illustrates that only a small percentage of reported cases move through subsequent stages of the criminal justice system.
    • In Canada, only 6% of sexual assaults are reported to police; only a fraction leads to convictions and sentencing.

    Victimization Reports Findings

    • Data from the General Social Survey indicates 30 out of 1,000 individuals over 15 reported experiencing sexual assault.
    • Gender differences reveal higher victimization rates for women (50/1,000) compared to men (9/1,000).
    • A significant finding shows only 6% of sexual assaults are reported to the authorities.

    Study on Post-Secondary Students

    • Koss et al (2022) explored rape victimization and perpetration among post-secondary students through a self-report study methodology.

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    Related Documents

    Crim 3370 (Sept 10, 2024). Sex Offending - Definitions and Prevalence.pptx

    Description

    Explore the key differences between forensic psychology and criminology in understanding sexual offending. This quiz delves into the definitions of sexual offenses, challenges in categorization, and the implications of varying disciplinary approaches. Gain insights into how mental health and broader social contexts influence the study of sex offenders.

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