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Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern of firearms identification in forensic science?
What is the primary concern of firearms identification in forensic science?
- Identifying the type of firearm used
- Investigating the history of firearms manufacturing
- Analyzing gunpowder residues on bullets
- Determining if a bullet was fired by a particular firearm (correct)
Which branch of ballistics involves the investigation and identification of firearms using ammunition fired through them?
Which branch of ballistics involves the investigation and identification of firearms using ammunition fired through them?
- Technical Examination Ballistics
- Firearms Identification Ballistics
- Field Investigation Ballistics
- Forensic Ballistics (correct)
What is the main focus of field investigation in forensic ballistics?
What is the main focus of field investigation in forensic ballistics?
- Measuring gunpowder residue on firearms
- Collecting and preserving firearms evidence (correct)
- Testing bullets for trajectory accuracy
- Analyzing chemical composition of bullets
Which activity is performed during technical examination in forensic ballistics?
Which activity is performed during technical examination in forensic ballistics?
According to the technical definition provided, what instruments are classified as firearms?
According to the technical definition provided, what instruments are classified as firearms?
What category of air rifles are excluded from the definition of 'firearms' as per the Revised Administrative Code?
What category of air rifles are excluded from the definition of 'firearms' as per the Revised Administrative Code?
What is the basis for the identification of cartridge cases/shells?
What is the basis for the identification of cartridge cases/shells?
What do the imprints on cartridge cases fired from the same weapon signify?
What do the imprints on cartridge cases fired from the same weapon signify?
What are class characteristics in firearms identification based on?
What are class characteristics in firearms identification based on?
What are individual characteristics in firearms identification related to?
What are individual characteristics in firearms identification related to?
How are class characteristics different from individual characteristics in firearms identification?
How are class characteristics different from individual characteristics in firearms identification?
What is the main reason that all cartridge cases fired from the same weapon have identical imprints?
What is the main reason that all cartridge cases fired from the same weapon have identical imprints?
What does wound ballistics primarily focus on?
What does wound ballistics primarily focus on?
Which type of gunshot wound occurs when the weapon is pressed against the body?
Which type of gunshot wound occurs when the weapon is pressed against the body?
What is forensic ballistics primarily used for?
What is forensic ballistics primarily used for?
What phenomenon does ricochet refer to in ballistics?
What phenomenon does ricochet refer to in ballistics?
What do shot ballistics study primarily involve?
What do shot ballistics study primarily involve?
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Study Notes
Forensic Ballistics
- Refers to the investigation and identification of firearms through ammunition fired from them.
Division of Forensic Ballistics
- Field Investigation: involves collecting, marking, preserving, packing, and transmitting firearms evidence, including studying class characteristics of firearms and bullets.
- Technical Examination: examines bullets and/or shells to determine if they were fired from a suspected firearm and whether cartridges were loaded and ejected by the same firearm.
Firearms Identification
- A discipline of forensic science that determines if a bullet, cartridge case, or other ammunition component was fired by a particular firearm.
Firearms
- Defined as any instrument used to propel projectiles by means of expansive force of gases from burning gunpowder.
- Includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, pistols, revolvers, and other deadly weapons that can discharge bullets, balls, shots, shells, or missiles through gunpowder or other explosives.
Cartridge Case/Shells Identification
- Every firearm has unique microscopic individualities on its breech face and striker, leaving "fingerprints" or "thumb marks" on every cartridge it fires.
- The principle of identification is based on the fact that imprints on cartridge cases fired from the same weapon are always the same, and those from different weapons are different.
Governing Characteristics in Firearms Identification
- Class Characteristics: determined prior to manufacture, based on factory specifications, and identify a group or class of firearms.
- Individual Characteristics: markings peculiar to a particular firearm, determined after manufacture, and beyond the control of the manufacturer.
Terminal Ballistics
- Penetration: depth of entry of the bullet on the target.
- Phenomena that may occur: indentation, penetration, perforation, ricochet, fragmentation, detonation, combustion, and incendiary effects.
Other Branches of Ballistics
- Shot Ballistics: study of shots from smooth bore firearms like shotguns and muskets.
- Wound Ballistics: study of the effects of a projectile on a target and the conditions that affect them, including the nature and medical implications of physical injury and shock caused by bullets and explosively driven fragments.
Types of Gunshot Wounds
- Contact: gun muzzle is pressed against or within an inch or two of the body.
- Close Discharge: 6” to 2ft distance from the body.
- Distance Discharge: over 2 or 3 ft distance from the body.
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