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Questions and Answers
Describe the boundaries of the cubital fossa.
The cubital fossa is bounded by the pronator teres and brachioradialis muscles laterally, the brachioradialis and the linea alba medially, and the imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus superiorly.
Explain the formation of superficial and deep palmar arches.
The superficial palmar arch is formed mainly by the ulnar artery, while the deep palmar arch is formed mainly by the radial artery. These arches provide the main blood supply to the hand and fingers.
Describe the major vessels of the forearm.
The major vessels of the forearm include the radial artery, ulnar artery, and their accompanying veins. These vessels provide blood supply to the muscles and tissues of the forearm.
Describe the nerve supply of the forearm and hand and the effect of its lesion.
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Describe the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm.
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Study Notes
Cubital Fossa Boundaries
- Triangular region bounded by:
- Medially: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Laterally: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Base: An imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
Formation of Palmar Arches
-
Superficial Palmar Arch:
- Formed by anastomosis of the ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
- Located in the palm, proximal to the thenar eminence
-
Deep Palmar Arch:
- Formed by anastomosis of the radial artery and deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery
- Located in the palm, distal to the thenar eminence
Major Vessels of the Forearm
-
Ulnar Artery:
- Originates from brachial artery
- Runs medial to the forearm
-
Radial Artery:
- Originates from brachial artery
- Runs lateral to the forearm
-
Interosseous Arteries:
- Anterior interosseous artery: branch of the ulnar artery
- Posterior interosseous artery: branch of the radial artery
Nerve Supply of the Forearm and Hand
-
Median Nerve:
- Originates from the brachial plexus (C6-T1)
- Supplies the thenar muscles, lateral palm, and fingers (1-3)
-
Ulnar Nerve:
- Originates from the brachial plexus (C7-T1)
- Supplies the medial forearm, medial palm, and fingers (4-5)
-
Radial Nerve:
- Originates from the brachial plexus (C5-T1)
- Supplies the posterior forearm and dorsal hand
-
Effects of Nerve Lesion:
- Median nerve lesion: thenar atrophy, loss of opposed thumb movement
- Ulnar nerve lesion: claw hand deformity, weakness in grip strength
- Radial nerve lesion: wrist drop, loss of finger extension
Muscles of the Forearm
Anterior Compartment
-
Flexor-Pronator Group:
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Pronator teres
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Palmaris longus
Posterior Compartment
-
Extensor Group:
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor indicis proprius
- Brachioradialis
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Description
Test your knowledge of the muscles, boundaries, vessels, and nerves of the forearm and hand with this anatomy quiz.
