Forces in the Human Body
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Forces in the Human Body

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Questions and Answers

What is the force that resists the motion between two surfaces in contact?

  • Frictional force (correct)
  • Normal force
  • Kinetic force
  • Static force
  • What is the coefficient of static friction (µs) used to find?

  • The force needed to keep an object moving
  • The force of kinetic friction
  • The minimum resistance force an object can exert before it starts to move
  • The maximum resistance force an object can exert before it starts to move (correct)
  • What is the relationship between the coefficient of static friction (µs) and the coefficient of kinetic friction (µk)?

  • µs < µk
  • µs = µk
  • µs is independent of µk
  • µs > µk (correct)
  • What is the force transmitted from the foot to the ground when a person walks?

    <p>Frictional force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the maximum force of friction (Ff)?

    <p>Ff = µN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the coefficient of friction (µ) dependent on?

    <p>The materials of the two surfaces in contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of acceleration due to gravity?

    <p>m/sec2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force is responsible for the formation of varicose veins in the legs?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for gravitational force according to Newton's law?

    <p>F = mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical consequence of gravity on the skeleton?

    <p>It contributes to healthy bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrical force responsible for in the body?

    <p>The control of muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stronger force between an electron and a proton in a hydrogen atom?

    <p>Electrical force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nuclear force?

    <p>To bind protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the electrical force and muscle movement?

    <p>The electrical force causes muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much stronger is the nuclear force compared to the chemical binding that holds atoms together in molecules?

    <p>10 million times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of levers based on in the body?

    <p>The position of the fulcrum, effort, and load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lever is most common in the body?

    <p>Third-class lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to an opposing force, such as weight?

    <p>Load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fulcrum in a lever system?

    <p>To pivot the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of a first-class lever in the human body?

    <p>The joint between the skull and the atlas vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a second-class lever?

    <p>The load is between the fulcrum and the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of a third-class lever in the human body?

    <p>The elbow joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forces on and in the Body

    • There are three fundamental forces: gravitational force, electrical force, and strong nuclear force
    • Gravitational force:
      • Attracts any two objects, according to Newton's law (F = mg)
      • Medical consequences include varicose veins in the legs and bone health
    • Electrical force:
      • More complicated than gravity, involving attractive and repulsive forces between static electrical charges
      • Example: electrical force between an electron and proton in a hydrogen atom is 1039 times greater than gravitational force
      • Our bodies are electrical machines, with muscles controlled by electrical charges
    • Nuclear force:
      • Binds protons and neutrons into atomic nuclei
      • About 10 million times stronger than chemical binding in molecules

    Levers in the Body

    • Many muscle and bone systems act as levers
    • Levers are classified into three classes based on the positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load
    • Third-class levers are most common in the body
    • Bones can act as levers, with the effort being the force applied by muscles and the load being the weight resisted

    Types of Levers

    • First-class lever: effort and load are on opposite sides of the fulcrum
      • Example: joint between skull and atlas vertebrae of the spine
    • Second-class lever: load is between the fulcrum and force
      • Example: Achilles tendon
    • Third-class lever: force is between the fulcrum and load
      • Example: elbow joint when lifting a book

    Frictional Force

    • A force that resists motion between two surfaces in contact
    • Depends on the nature of the surface and is independent of the surface area
    • Two types of frictional force:
      • Static friction (Fs): the maximum force an object can exert before it starts to move
      • Kinetic friction (Fk): the force required to keep an object moving
    • Friction in the body:
      • Disorders like arthritis can cause increased friction in bone joints
      • Friction is significant when walking, with vertical and horizontal components of force transmitted from the foot to the ground

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    Description

    A quiz on the fundamental forces acting on and in the human body, including gravitational, electrical, and nuclear forces.

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