Podcast
Questions and Answers
What determines sea breeze divergence or convergence according to the text?
What determines sea breeze divergence or convergence according to the text?
Where can Von Karman vortices be observed according to the text?
Where can Von Karman vortices be observed according to the text?
In Figure 1.24, what shapes are based on wind speed?
In Figure 1.24, what shapes are based on wind speed?
What do we call the phenomenon that occurs when a uniformly overcast layer of clouds overlies a snow- or ice-covered surface?
What do we call the phenomenon that occurs when a uniformly overcast layer of clouds overlies a snow- or ice-covered surface?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of precipitation occurs when liquid or solid water particles are lifted by the wind from the earth's surface?
Which type of precipitation occurs when liquid or solid water particles are lifted by the wind from the earth's surface?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of reduced visibility due to suspended water/ice particles?
What is the most common cause of reduced visibility due to suspended water/ice particles?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what conditions do whiteouts typically occur?
Under what conditions do whiteouts typically occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a form of solid (frozen) precipitation?
Which of the following is NOT a form of solid (frozen) precipitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when cloud layers diffuse parallel rays from the sun in whiteout conditions?
What happens when cloud layers diffuse parallel rays from the sun in whiteout conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term 'shamal' derived from?
What is the term 'shamal' derived from?
Signup and view all the answers
What causes the summer shamal in Southwest Asia?
What causes the summer shamal in Southwest Asia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the summer shamal also known as?
What is the summer shamal also known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of weather phenomenon causes steep lapse rates and increased instability during the summer shamal?
What kind of weather phenomenon causes steep lapse rates and increased instability during the summer shamal?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do updrafts keep dust particles suspended during the summer shamal?
Why do updrafts keep dust particles suspended during the summer shamal?
Signup and view all the answers
What is established almost every night across Southwest Asia (SWA) due to the dry desert air and high rate of thermal radiation during the day?
What is established almost every night across Southwest Asia (SWA) due to the dry desert air and high rate of thermal radiation during the day?
Signup and view all the answers
How can one determine the rate of environmental temperature decrease from the surface to 500 mb?
How can one determine the rate of environmental temperature decrease from the surface to 500 mb?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a steeper environmental lapse rate indicate about potential downdraft?
What does a steeper environmental lapse rate indicate about potential downdraft?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is dust most easily lofted according to the text?
Where is dust most easily lofted according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What approximate lapse rate is considered optimal for strong potential downdrafts?
What approximate lapse rate is considered optimal for strong potential downdrafts?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition allows for the strongest wind aloft to be brought to the surface?
What condition allows for the strongest wind aloft to be brought to the surface?
Signup and view all the answers
What method can be used to diagnose negatively buoyant downdraft potential?
What method can be used to diagnose negatively buoyant downdraft potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between frontal dust storms and shamals?
What is the main difference between frontal dust storms and shamals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which jet streams can converge into a single jet streak that translates to the surface in the prefrontal dust storm phenomenon?
Which jet streams can converge into a single jet streak that translates to the surface in the prefrontal dust storm phenomenon?
Signup and view all the answers
What are prefrontal winds called in Iraq during prefrontal dust storms?
What are prefrontal winds called in Iraq during prefrontal dust storms?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of vertical velocities increase due to ageostrophic circulations in the divergent quadrants of the jet streak?
What type of vertical velocities increase due to ageostrophic circulations in the divergent quadrants of the jet streak?
Signup and view all the answers
When are easterly to southerly prefrontal winds favored for prefrontal dust storms?
When are easterly to southerly prefrontal winds favored for prefrontal dust storms?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are prefrontal dust storms difficult to detect in METSAT imagery?
Why are prefrontal dust storms difficult to detect in METSAT imagery?
Signup and view all the answers