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Questions and Answers
The definition of acceleration is the rate of change of ______ over time.
The definition of acceleration is the rate of change of ______ over time.
velocity
What is Isaac Newton known for?
What is Isaac Newton known for?
- Inventing the telescope
- Classifying living organisms
- Developing the three laws of motion (correct)
- Discovering electricity
What happens to a body at rest when acted upon by a net external force?
What happens to a body at rest when acted upon by a net external force?
It will change its state of motion.
A body in constant motion will always remain in motion if no net external force is applied.
A body in constant motion will always remain in motion if no net external force is applied.
What is the tendency of a body to resist changes in its motion called?
What is the tendency of a body to resist changes in its motion called?
Which type of force is present when two people are pulling a rope on opposite sides?
Which type of force is present when two people are pulling a rope on opposite sides?
Why is it necessary to always use seat belts when driving or riding in a car?
Why is it necessary to always use seat belts when driving or riding in a car?
What type of force is commonly present in springs?
What type of force is commonly present in springs?
The normal force ($F_n$) acts in a direction that is ______ to the surface of contact.
The normal force ($F_n$) acts in a direction that is ______ to the surface of contact.
What does it mean when forces acting on an object are balanced?
What does it mean when forces acting on an object are balanced?
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Study Notes
Acceleration
- Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity of an object.
- Key characteristics include it being a vector quantity, measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
- Examples: A car speeding up from a stop, a falling apple increasing its speed due to gravity.
- Non-examples: A car moving at a constant speed, a stationary object.
Forces and Motion
- Balanced forces result in an object being at rest or in constant motion along a straight line.
- Unbalanced forces cause an object to accelerate, changing its state of motion.
Tug-of-War Scenario
- In the tug-of-war example, one boy pulls with a 10-N force and the other with an 8-N force.
- The boy applying the 10-N force will win due to unbalanced forces favoring his direction.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
- Also known as the law of inertia; states a body at rest stays at rest, or in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
- Example illustrated with a tablecloth trick: if pulled quickly, the objects remain at rest because no force acts upon them.
Historical Note
- In the late 18th century, the kilogram was represented by a solid platinum cylinder.
Types of Forces
- Applied Force: Direct push or pull on an object.
- Gravitational Force: Weight of an object, mass times gravitational acceleration.
- Normal Force: The force perpendicular to the contact surface of an object.
- Elastic Force: Found in springs, indicating resistance to deformation.
- Tension Force: Present in cables and strings under pull.
- Frictional Force: Opposes motion between surfaces in contact.
Inertia
- Defined as the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion.
- Greater mass leads to greater inertia; e.g., a full cabinet resists motion more than an empty one.
Normal and Gravitational Force
- Normal force acts perpendicular to surfaces; essential for maintaining an object at rest on a surface.
- Gravitational force is the downward pull due to gravity, balanced by the normal force when an object is at rest.
Net Force
- When forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force, and it maintains its current state of motion.
- When forces are unbalanced, a net force exists, resulting in acceleration or a change in motion.
Reflection on Criticism
- Criticism can impact personal growth, similar to how forces affect motion; handling criticism can help in self-improvement.
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