Forces and Motion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the distance travelled by a car from when the driver realizes the need to brake until they actually press the brake pedal?

  • Thinking distance (correct)
  • Stopping distance
  • Braking distance
  • Reaction distance

    • What is the relationship between braking distance and speed?

  • Braking distance increases as speed increases (correct)
  • Braking distance decreases as speed increases
  • Braking distance is not affected by speed
  • Braking distance remains constant regardless of speed

    • A car is traveling at a constant speed of 60 km/h. Which of the following is a true statement about the car's motion?

  • The car is experiencing a net force.
  • The car's displacement is constant.
  • The car is accelerating.
  • The car's velocity is constant. (correct)

    • Which of the following factors can increase thinking distance?

    <p>Increased caffeine intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A book is lying on a table. What is the net force acting on the book?

    <p>Zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ball is thrown vertically upwards. What is the acceleration of the ball at its highest point?

    <p>Equal to the acceleration due to gravity (g) downwards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the distance travelled by a car from when the driver presses the brake pedal until the car comes to a complete stop?

    <p>Braking distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 5 kg object is placed on a frictionless surface. A force of 10 N is applied to the object, what is the object's acceleration?

    <p>2 m/s² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 10 kg object is dropped from a height. What is the weight of the object?

    <p>100 N (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the force applied to a spring and its extension, according to Hooke's Law?

    <p>Force is directly proportional to the extension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the point at which a spring no longer obeys Hooke's Law?

    <p>Limit of proportionality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between mass and weight?

    <p>Mass is a measure of how much matter is in an object, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A heavy box is being pushed across a floor. What is the role of friction in this situation?

    <p>Friction opposes the motion of the box. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of elastic deformation?

    <p>A rubber band being stretched and returning to its original shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A rocket is launched into space. Which of Newton's laws explains why the rocket is able to accelerate?

    <p>Newton's third law of motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the gradient of a force-extension graph?

    <p>Newtons per metre (N/m) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the region of a force-extension graph where the force is not proportional to the extension?

    <p>The deformation is not following Hooke's Law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of moments used to determine?

    <p>The equilibrium of an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the time taken for a passenger in a car to come to rest affect the force experienced by the passenger?

    <p>It decreases the force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the total momentum before and after a collision?

    <p>The total momentum before is equal to the total momentum after. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the momentum of an object?

    <p>momentum = mass x velocity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the force exerted on an object?

    <p>force = change in momentum ÷ time taken (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for momentum?

    <p>Kilograms per second (kg/s) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the speed of an object increases over time, what can we say about its acceleration?

    <p>The acceleration is positive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for acceleration?

    <p>metres per second squared (m/s²) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a true statement about a displacement-time graph?

    <p>The area under the line represents the distance travelled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

    <p>The distance travelled by the object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between velocity and speed?

    <p>Velocity is the speed of an object in a specific direction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a TRUE statement about an object that has a constant velocity?

    <p>It must be moving in a straight line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating average speed?

    <p>average speed = distance / time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a velocity-time graph, what does a horizontal line represent?

    <p>The object has constant velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Vector

    A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

    Scalar

    A quantity that has only magnitude, no direction.

    Force

    An interaction that causes an object to change speed, shape, or direction, measured in Newtons.

    Newton's First Law

    An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant force.

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    Newton's Second Law

    The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, defined as F = ma.

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    Newton's Third Law

    For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

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    Mass

    A measure of how much matter is in an object, measured in kilograms.

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    Weight

    The gravitational force acting on an object, calculated as W = mg.

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    Terminal velocity

    The highest velocity reached by an object falling through a fluid when forces are balanced.

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    Thinking distance

    Distance traveled from realizing the need to brake to pressing the brake pedal.

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    Braking distance

    Distance traveled from pressing the brakes until the vehicle stops.

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    Total stopping distance

    The sum of thinking distance and braking distance.

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    Deformation

    Change in size or shape of a body when a force is applied.

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    Elastic deformation

    Change in shape that returns to original form when the force is removed.

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    Hooke's law

    Law stating that force applied to a spring is proportional to its extension: F = kx.

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    Limit of proportionality

    Point at which a material stops obeying Hooke's law and deformation becomes non-linear.

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    Speed

    Distance travelled per unit time.

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    Acceleration

    Change in velocity per unit time.

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    Velocity

    Speed in a given direction.

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    Displacement

    Distance in a specified direction from a reference point.

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    Velocity-time graph

    Graph showing velocity over time; gradient represents acceleration.

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    Distance-time graph

    Graph showing distance over time; gradient represents speed.

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    Deceleration

    Negative acceleration; when an object slows down.

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    Acceleration due to gravity

    Constant acceleration of free fall near Earth's surface, approximately 9.81 m/s².

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    Gradient

    The spring constant (k) in Hooke's law.

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    Non-linear Force-Extension Graph

    Graph showing deformation that does not follow Hooke's law.

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    Moment of a Force

    Measure of a force's turning effect, in Newton metres (Nm).

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    Equilibrium

    Condition when the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of anticlockwise moments.

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    Momentum

    Product of mass and velocity, measured in kgm/s.

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    Change in Momentum

    The difference between final momentum and initial momentum over time.

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    Safety Features in Cars

    Mechanisms that increase the time to come to rest, reducing force during collisions.

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    Conservation of Momentum

    Total momentum before an event equals total momentum after.

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    Study Notes

    Forces and Motion

    • Speed: Defined as distance travelled per unit time. Constant speed indicates no acceleration; changing speed indicates acceleration or deceleration. Average speed = total distance / total time.
    • Velocity: Speed in a given direction.
    • Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity. Acceleration = change in velocity / time taken. ( final speed² = initial speed² + 2 × acceleration × distance)
    • Units: Distance (m), time (s), speed/velocity (m/s), acceleration (m/s²).
    • Displacement-Time Graphs:
      • Gradient represents velocity.
      • Horizontal line indicates stationary object.
      • Curved line indicates changing velocity (acceleration or deceleration).
    • Velocity-Time Graphs:
      • Gradient represents acceleration.
      • Negative gradient represents deceleration.
      • Horizontal line indicates constant velocity.
      • Area under the line represents the distance travelled.
      • Curved line indicates changing acceleration.

    Vectors and Scalars

    • Vectors: Have magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, force).
    • Scalars: Have only magnitude (e.g., distance, speed, time, energy).

    Effects of Forces

    • Forces: Change speed, shape or direction of a body. Measured in Newtons (N).
      • Types: gravitational, electrostatic, friction (including air resistance).
    • Resultant Force: Combined effect of multiple forces acting on an object. Added if in the same direction; subtracted if opposite.
    • Newton's Laws of Motion:
      • 1st Law: An object will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force.
      • 2nd Law: Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
      • 3rd Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
    • Mass: Measure of the amount of matter in an object (kg).
    • Weight: Gravitational force acting on a mass (W = mg, where g is the gravitational field strength).
    • Gravitational Field Strength: Strength of gravity at a particular location (e.g., on Earth, approximately 10 N/kg).

    Motion Of A Falling Body Under Gravity

    • Initial Motion: Only force acting is weight; therefore acceleration is constant.
    • Increasing Air Resistance: Air resistance increases with speed and opposes motion. Resultant force decreases, and therefore, acceleration decreases.
    • Terminal Speed: Resultant force is zero, speed is constant. (no acceleration).

    Deformation

    • Elastic Deformation: Object returns to its original shape when the load is removed (e.g., stretching a spring).
    • Hooke's Law: For a spring, force is directly proportional to its extension. F=kx

    Moments

    • Moment of a force: Turning effect of a force. (Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance from Pivot).
    • Equilibrium: When resultant force and moment on an object are zero

    Momentum

    • Momentum: Product of mass and velocity (p = mv, measured in kg m/s).
    • Conservation of Momentum: Total momentum before a collision equals total momentum afterwards.
    • Force and Momentum: Force is the rate at which momentum changes (Force = change in momentum/time taken).

    Thinking and Braking Distance

    • Thinking Distance: Distance travelled during reaction time. Affected by speed, distractions, or tiredness.
    • Braking Distance: Distance travelled between applying brakes and stopping. Affected by speed, vehicle mass, and road conditions.

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    Edexcel Physics IGCSE - Forces and Motion Summary Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of forces and motion. This quiz covers concepts such as speed, velocity, acceleration, and how to interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs. It's a great way to reinforce your understanding of these essential physics principles.

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