Podcast
Questions and Answers
Friction is the force between two surfaces that may impede relative motion and produce ______.
Friction is the force between two surfaces that may impede relative motion and produce ______.
heating
An object either remains at rest or continues in a straight line at constant speed unless there is a ______ force on the object.
An object either remains at rest or continues in a straight line at constant speed unless there is a ______ force on the object.
resultant
The equation that relates resultant force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) is F = ______, where the resultant force and the acceleration are in the same direction.
The equation that relates resultant force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) is F = ______, where the resultant force and the acceleration are in the same direction.
ma
The spring constant is defined as force per unit ______ and is a measure of the stiffness of a spring.
The spring constant is defined as force per unit ______ and is a measure of the stiffness of a spring.
The limit of ______ on a load-extension graph is the point beyond which the material no longer behaves elastically.
The limit of ______ on a load-extension graph is the point beyond which the material no longer behaves elastically.
The moment of a force is defined as moment = force × ______ distance from the pivot and is a measure of its turning effect.
The moment of a force is defined as moment = force × ______ distance from the pivot and is a measure of its turning effect.
When there is no resultant force and no resultant ______, an object is in equilibrium.
When there is no resultant force and no resultant ______, an object is in equilibrium.
The ______ of gravity is the point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.
The ______ of gravity is the point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.
Pressure is defined as force per unit ______, and it describes how force is distributed over a surface.
Pressure is defined as force per unit ______, and it describes how force is distributed over a surface.
[Blank] is the process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.
[Blank] is the process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.
The word equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen in the presence of light and ______.
The word equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen in the presence of light and ______.
[Blank] is a green pigment found in chloroplasts and is essential for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.
[Blank] is a green pigment found in chloroplasts and is essential for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.
Most leaves have a large surface area and are thin. These features are adaptations for maximizing the rate of ______
Most leaves have a large surface area and are thin. These features are adaptations for maximizing the rate of ______
The ______ mesophyll in leaves is where most photosynthesis happens, due to high concentration of chloroplasts.
The ______ mesophyll in leaves is where most photosynthesis happens, due to high concentration of chloroplasts.
[Blank] cells and stomata regulate gas exchange and water loss in the leaf.
[Blank] cells and stomata regulate gas exchange and water loss in the leaf.
The ______ transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
The ______ transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates made in photosynthesis are subsequently used for plant growth and can be stored as ______.
Carbohydrates made in photosynthesis are subsequently used for plant growth and can be stored as ______.
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and ______.
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and ______.
In an aquatic plant experiment using hydrogencarbonate indicator solution, changes in ______ conditions affect gas exchange.
In an aquatic plant experiment using hydrogencarbonate indicator solution, changes in ______ conditions affect gas exchange.
Flashcards
Effects of Forces
Effects of Forces
Forces can change an object's size, shape, or motion.
Friction
Friction
Friction is a force opposing motion between surfaces, often generating heat.
Inertia
Inertia
An object stays at rest or moves steadily unless a resultant force acts on it.
F = ma
F = ma
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Spring Constant (k)
Spring Constant (k)
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Limit of Proportionality
Limit of Proportionality
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Moment of a Force
Moment of a Force
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Moment Equation
Moment Equation
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Equilibrium
Equilibrium
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Centre of Gravity
Centre of Gravity
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Pressure
Pressure
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis Equation
Photosynthesis Equation
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Chlorophyll Function
Chlorophyll Function
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Leaf adaptations
Leaf adaptations
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Leaf structure
Leaf structure
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Photosynthesis requirements
Photosynthesis requirements
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Study Notes
- Forces can alter an object's size, shape, or motion.
- The resultant force is the sum of all forces acting on an object along a straight line.
- Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces, generating heat.
- Drag is a type of friction that acts on objects moving through liquids or gases.
- An object remains at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by a resultant force.
- The equation F = ma relates force, mass, and acceleration, where the resultant force and acceleration are in the same direction.
Load-Extension Graphs
- Load-extension graphs illustrate the behavior of elastic solids under force.
- The spring constant (k) is defined as force per unit extension.
- Limit of proportionality is the point beyond which Hooke's Law is no longer valid of a load–extension graph.
Turning Effect of Forces
- The moment of a force measures its turning effect.
- Moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot.
- An object is in equilibrium when there is no resultant force and no resultant moment.
- The principle of moments can be applied to situations involving forces on either side of a pivot
Centre of Gravity
- Centre of gravity is the point where the weight of an object appears to act.
- For regularly shaped objects like rectangular blocks, spheres, and cylinders, the centre of gravity is at their geometric centre
- The position of the centre of gravity affects an object's stability.
Pressure
- Pressure varies with force and area.
- Pressure = force / area.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants synthesize carbohydrates using light energy.
- Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen (in the presence of light and chlorophyll).
- Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts is essential in the process.
- Chlorophyll, light, and carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis.
- Magnesium and nitrates are vital minerals needed for plant nutrition for Photosynthesis
Leaf Structure
- Leaves have a large surface area and are thin which are adaptations for photosynthesis.
- Key leaf structures include: Chloroplasts, Cuticle, Guard cells and stomata, Upper and lower epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, Spongy mesophyll, Air spaces, Vascular bundles, Xylem and phloem.
- Leaf structure facilitates photosynthesis.
- Chlorophyll converts light energy into chemical energy for carbohydrate synthesis.
- Carbohydrates produced are then used and stored by the plant.
- Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.
- In aquatic plants, light and dark conditions influence gas exchange.
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