Questions and Answers
Name examples of forces involved in stretching, compressing or bending an object.
Pulling on an elastic band at both ends, when an empty drink can gets squashed, weight on a bridge.
Explain why to change the shape of a stationary object (by stretching, bending or compressing), more than one force has to be applied.
Otherwise the object would move in the direction of the applied force instead of changing shape.
Describe the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation.
Elastic deformation: the object returns to its original shape after forces are removed. Inelastic deformation: the object does not return to its original shape after forces are removed.
What are objects that can be elastically deformed called?
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The extension of an elastic object, e.g., a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the __________ is not exceeded.
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Match the units with their corresponding terms.
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Work is done when a force stretches or compresses a spring and all energy transferred is stored as elastic potential energy.
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Provided the spring is not inelastically deformed, the work done on the spring and the elastic potential energy stored are equal.
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Extension is directly proportional to __________.
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A stiffer spring has a __________.
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What is meant by spring constant?
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What is the limit of proportionality?
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What is the elastic limit?
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When sketching a graph, where do force and extension go on the graph?
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The relationship between force and extension is linear until the object exceeds the limit of proportionality, in which case the relationship changes to non-linear.
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Study Notes
Forces and Elasticity
- Examples of forces affecting objects: pulling an elastic band, compressing an empty drink can, weight on a bridge.
- To change the shape of a stationary object through stretching, bending, or compressing, more than one force must be applied to prevent movement in the direction of the applied force.
Deformation Types
- Elastic Deformation: Object returns to original shape and length after forces are removed.
- Inelastic Deformation: Object does not return to original shape after forces are removed.
Elastic Properties
- Objects that can undergo elastic deformation are termed elastic objects; a common example is a rubber band.
- The extension of elastic objects (like springs) is directly proportional to the applied force, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
Measurements and Units
- Spring constant: measured in N/m (Newtons per meter).
- Force is expressed in Newtons.
- Extension is measured in meters.
Energy and Work
- Work is performed when a force stretches or compresses a spring, leading to the storage of elastic potential energy.
- If the spring undergoes elastic deformation, all energy transferred converts into elastic potential energy.
- Provided the spring is not inelastically deformed, the work done on the spring equals the elastic potential energy stored.
Hooke's Law
- The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as articulated in Hooke's law.
- A stiffer spring has a greater spring constant, indicating increased resistance to deformation.
Key Definitions
- Spring Constant: A measure of how stiff a spring is, relevant up to its limit of proportionality.
- Limit of Proportionality: The point at which Hooke's Law ceases to apply and extension is not directly proportional to force.
- Elastic Limit: The maximum stretch an object can endure before it permanently deforms.
Graphical Representation
- When graphing, force is represented on the y-axis and extension on the x-axis.
- The relationship between force and extension remains linear until the limit of proportionality is surpassed, beyond which it becomes non-linear.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of forces and elasticity, including examples of forces affecting objects and the distinctions between elastic and inelastic deformation. It covers key terms such as spring constant and the proportional relationship between force and extension. Test your understanding of how materials respond to applied forces.
