Force and Motion Flashcards

Fundamental Concepts of Force and Motion

• Gravity: An invisible attractive force between all masses, causing objects to pull towards each other.
• Law: A statement reflecting natural behaviors that consistently occur in nature, regarded as true.

Contributions of Sir Isaac Newton

• Isaac Newton: Mathematician and physicist known for formulating the laws of motion and the law of gravity, explaining universal motion.
• Laws of Motion: Three essential principles proposed by Newton that describe how forces influence the movement of objects.

Forces in Motion

• Unbalanced Force: A force that causes an object to move, stop, or change its direction.
• 1st Law of Motion: Object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion maintains its state unless influenced by an unbalanced force.

Types of Forces

• Friction: Resistance encountered when one object moves in contact with another surface.
• 2nd Law of Motion: States that an unbalanced force will cause an object to accelerate, described with the formula ( f = m(a) ) (force equals mass times acceleration).
• 3rd Law of Motion: For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Properties of Motion

• Inertia: The tendency of an object to remain in its current state of motion unless affected by an external force.
• Mass: Measurement of the amount of matter in an object, crucial in determining weight and inertia.
• Momentum: Represents how much force an object has while it is moving.

Measurement and Kinematics

• Scales: Ratio comparing the size of an object to its representation or model.
• Weight: The gravitational force exerted on an object, dependent on mass.
• Motion: Defined as any change in an object's position over time.
• Velocity: Combines speed with the direction of an object's movement.
• Speed: The distance traveled by an object over a specific time period.

Dynamics of Forces

• Force: Any push or pull that can cause an object to move or alter its motion.
• Acceleration: Any change in the speed or direction of an object's movement.
• Thrust: The force that propels an object forward.
• Drag: A resistance force that works against an object in motion, slowing it down.
• Lift: An upward force acting on an object, countering gravity.

Energy and Work

• Energy: The capacity to perform work, existing in various forms including kinetic and potential energy.
• Work: The process of transferring energy between objects.
• Potential Energy: Stored energy, ready to be converted into kinetic energy.
• Kinetic Energy: Energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

Equilibrium and Forces

• Balanced Force: A situation where two or more forces are equal and opposite, resulting in no change in motion.
• Newton: The standard unit of force in the International System of Units (SI).
• Air Resistance: The opposing force exerted by air against a moving object, acting in the opposite direction to that object's motion.