Force and Its Types

Force

• A push or pull that causes an object to change its motion or shape
• Measured in Newtons (N)
• Can be either contact or non-contact
  • Contact force: occurs when two objects are physically touching (e.g. friction, normal force)
  • Non-contact force: occurs when two objects are not physically touching (e.g. gravity, magnetic force)

Types of Forces

• Gravity: force of attraction between two objects with mass
• Friction: force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact
• Normal force: force exerted by a surface on an object that is in contact with it
• Tension: force exerted by a stretched string or wire
• Air resistance: force that opposes motion through the air
• Thrust: force that propels an object forward

Pressure

• Force exerted per unit area
• Measured in Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi)
• Calculated using the formula: Pressure = Force / Area
• Units:
  • Pascals (Pa): 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2
  • Pounds per square inch (psi): 1 psi = 6894.76 Pa

Pressure and Force Relationships

• Pressure increases as force increases
• Pressure decreases as area increases
• Pressure remains the same if force and area are proportional

Real-World Applications

• Pressure in fluids: used in hydraulic systems, pumps, and medical devices
• Force in machines: used in levers, pulleys, and gears
• Pressure in the atmosphere: affects weather and climate

Force

• A force is a push or pull that changes an object's motion or shape
• Force is measured in Newtons (N)
• There are two types of forces: contact and non-contact

Contact Force

• Occurs when two objects physically touch
• Examples: friction, normal force

Non-Contact Force

• Occurs when two objects are not physically touching
• Examples: gravity, magnetic force

Types of Forces

Gravity

• A force of attraction between two objects with mass

Friction

• A force opposing motion between two surfaces in contact

Normal Force

• A force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it

Tension

• A force exerted by a stretched string or wire

Air Resistance

• A force opposing motion through the air

Thrust

• A force propelling an object forward

Pressure

• Force exerted per unit area
• Measured in Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi)
• Calculated using the formula: Pressure = Force / Area

Units of Pressure

• 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2
• 1 psi = 6894.76 Pa

Pressure Relationships

• Pressure increases with force
• Pressure decreases with area
• Pressure remains the same if force and area are proportional

Real-World Applications

Pressure in Fluids

• Used in hydraulic systems, pumps, and medical devices

Force in Machines

• Used in levers, pulleys, and gears

Atmospheric Pressure

• Affects weather and climate