Foodborne Pathogens Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in the context of phagocytosis?

  • Wrap their cell membrane around the pathogen
  • Digest the pathogen by providing enzymes (correct)
  • Release cytokines to activate immune cells
  • Fuse with the phagosome to encapsulate the pathogen

    • What is the role of monocytes in the immune response?

  • Release cytokines as signaling proteins
  • Differentiate into macrophages (correct)
  • Provide digestive enzymes to break down pathogens
  • Absorb pathogens inside their cell

    • How do macrophages destroy pathogens during phagocytosis?

  • Wrap their cell membrane around the pathogen
  • Fuse with lysosomes to encapsulate pathogens (correct)
  • Differentiate into monocytes for assistance
  • Release signaling proteins to sound the alarm

    • Which immune cells are recruited and activated by cytokines?

    <p>Macrophages and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cytokines in the immune response?

    <p>Sound the alarm of infection in the local area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if invading pathogens are too great for macrophages to handle alone?

    <p>Release cytokines to recruit more immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term 'autoclave' derived from?

    <p>Automatic and locking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the steam created within the autoclave?

    <p>To thoroughly sterilize hollow instruments and small vents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of the autoclave sterilization process does the temperature and pressure rapidly rise to the desired values?

    <p>Sterilization phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exhaust phase in the autoclave sterilization process?

    <p>To release pressure from the chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the autoclave cycles be manually set by a technician?

    <p>To produce the safest and most optimal sterilization parameters for the given load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between temperature and pressure in an autoclave?

    <p>When autoclave temperature increases, its pressure also increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of toxins can Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum produce?

    <p>Heat-resistant toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal growth temperature range for most pathogens?

    <p>20°C to 45°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is known as the 'FRIED RICE BACILLUS'?

    <p>Bacillus cereus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the emetic syndrome associated with Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Thermostable toxin produced during the growth phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by primarily nausea and vomiting after 1-5 hours of incubation?

    <p>Emetic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which types of foods can Bacillus cereus emetic food poisoning occur?

    <p>Fried rice and cooked pasta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes yeasts from filaments?

    <p>Yeasts are oval-shaped while filaments are elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can Candida, a normal flora of the GI tract and skin, cause infections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of Candida overgrowth?

    <p>Respiratory candidiasis (coughing and shortness of breath)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the initial immune response when a pathogen breaks through the physical and chemical barriers?

    <p>Macrophages recognize the pathogen and activate the innate immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendritic cells in the initial immune response?

    <p>They pick up antigens from the pathogen and present them to T and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the initial immune response is correct?

    <p>It involves both the innate and adaptive immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health risk associated with Cronobacter sakazakii infections?

    <p>Meningitis in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential source of Cronobacter sakazakii contamination?

    <p>Freshly prepared home-cooked meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Escherichia coli is correctly described?

    <p>It is a facultative anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Escherichia coli contaminate agricultural crops?

    <p>By using manure as fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli is accurate?

    <p>They are a major public health concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can animal products become contaminated with Escherichia coli?

    <p>During the slaughter and processing of animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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