Week 8 Post Harvest Treatment of food
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Questions and Answers

What are the main reasons for post-harvest washing of fruits and vegetables?

  • Removal of dirt and dust, reduction of microbes causing post-harvest disease, reduction in human pathogens (correct)
  • Enhancement of natural flavors, prevention of wilting, reduction of pesticide residues
  • Prevention of discoloration, elimination of natural waxes, reduction of natural sugars
  • Improvement of natural shine, prevention of natural decay, reduction of natural enzymes

    • What is the purpose of using sanitizers on fruits and vegetables?

  • To enhance natural colors and flavors
  • To reduce bacteria on the surface and prevent cross contamination (correct)
  • To increase the water retention capacity
  • To eliminate all microorganisms present

    • What is a potential risk if the water used for washing fruits and vegetables does not contain an active sanitizer?

  • Improved visual appeal of the produce
  • Cross contamination of the whole batch can occur (correct)
  • Enhanced shelf life of the produce
  • Loss of natural nutrients in the produce

    • Which of the following is an example of a fruit and vegetable sanitizer?

    <p>Peroxyacetic acid (PAA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorine-based sanitizers in washing fruits and vegetables?

    <p>To reduce bacteria on the surface while monitoring pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method reduces or stops the activity of microorganisms by modifying or controlling gas atmospheres?

    <p>Restricting oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method reduces microbial load through the use of heat or radiation?

    <p>Sterilization by heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method reduces or inhibits the activity of microorganisms through the use of chemical agents?

    <p>Chemical preservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest water activity (aw) at which the majority of spoilage bacteria will grow?

    <p>0.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what water activity (aw) is the lower limit for growth of mycotoxigenic moulds?

    <p>0.78</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the moisture sorption isotherm unique for each product?

    <p>Colligative, capillary, and surface effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of spoilage inhibition in sauerkraut?

    <p>Water drawn from cabbage leaves via high osmotic pressure of salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical preservative is most effective at low pH and is commonly used in soft drinks and tomato sauce?

    <p>Na benzoate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical preservative is more effective than benzoate at pH 4-6 and is commonly used in cheese, yogurt, and wine?

    <p>Ca sorbate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nitrites in curing agents for meat?

    <p>Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of botulinum toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nitrites allowed in curing agents for meat despite being carcinogenic?

    <p>The risk of cancer is lower than the risk of botulism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology for antimicrobial treatment is not yet in common use due to expense, lack of consumer acceptance, or need for more research?

    <p>Pulsed white light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical preservative is effective at inhibiting microbial growth, metabolic pathways, and cellular transport systems, as well as reducing browning reactions?

    <p>Sulfites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical preservative is commonly used in cheese, yogurt, and wine, and is more effective than benzoate at pH 4-6?

    <p>Citric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical preservative is most effective at low pH and is commonly used in soft drinks and tomato sauce?

    <p>Sulfites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of packaging in relation to food preservation?

    <p>Maintaining color, flavor, and odor of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of packaging container holds several primary units?

    <p>Secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of packaging functions, what does 'utility/convenience' refer to?

    <p>Portions and meal kits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of packaging in relation to food preservation?

    <p>Extending shelf life and preserving food against spoilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tertiary packaging containers?

    <p>Holding several secondary units (eg. pallet)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secondary packaging containers?

    <p>Holding several primary units (eg. carton)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material may be fortified with additives such as aluminium, plastic, resin, wax to give burst strength, leak protection, grease and tear resistance, and barrier properties?

    <p>Paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plastic is commonly used for soft drink and water bottles?

    <p>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plastic type, commonly used for hard plastic bottles and containers, may contain bisphenol A (BPA)?

    <p>Polycarbonate (PC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the revised target for the average recycled content included in packaging for the Australian Packaging Covenant (APCo) 2025?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the phase out mentioned in the Australian Packaging Covenant (APCo) 2025 Targets?

    <p>Eliminating single-use plastics packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis in the ongoing work related to packaging sustainability mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reviewing materials and uses to improve sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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