32 Questions
What are the main reasons for post-harvest washing of fruits and vegetables?
Removal of dirt and dust, reduction of microbes causing post-harvest disease, reduction in human pathogens
What is the purpose of using sanitizers on fruits and vegetables?
To reduce bacteria on the surface and prevent cross contamination
What is a potential risk if the water used for washing fruits and vegetables does not contain an active sanitizer?
Cross contamination of the whole batch can occur
Which of the following is an example of a fruit and vegetable sanitizer?
Peroxyacetic acid (PAA)
What is the role of chlorine-based sanitizers in washing fruits and vegetables?
To reduce bacteria on the surface while monitoring pH
Which method reduces or stops the activity of microorganisms by modifying or controlling gas atmospheres?
Restricting oxygen
What method reduces microbial load through the use of heat or radiation?
Sterilization by heat
Which method reduces or inhibits the activity of microorganisms through the use of chemical agents?
Chemical preservatives
What is the lowest water activity (aw) at which the majority of spoilage bacteria will grow?
0.90
At what water activity (aw) is the lower limit for growth of mycotoxigenic moulds?
0.78
What makes the moisture sorption isotherm unique for each product?
Colligative, capillary, and surface effects
What is the primary mechanism of spoilage inhibition in sauerkraut?
Water drawn from cabbage leaves via high osmotic pressure of salt
Which chemical preservative is most effective at low pH and is commonly used in soft drinks and tomato sauce?
Na benzoate
Which chemical preservative is more effective than benzoate at pH 4-6 and is commonly used in cheese, yogurt, and wine?
Ca sorbate
What is the primary role of nitrites in curing agents for meat?
Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of botulinum toxin
Why are nitrites allowed in curing agents for meat despite being carcinogenic?
The risk of cancer is lower than the risk of botulism
Which technology for antimicrobial treatment is not yet in common use due to expense, lack of consumer acceptance, or need for more research?
Pulsed white light
Which chemical preservative is effective at inhibiting microbial growth, metabolic pathways, and cellular transport systems, as well as reducing browning reactions?
Sulfites
Which chemical preservative is commonly used in cheese, yogurt, and wine, and is more effective than benzoate at pH 4-6?
Citric acid
Which chemical preservative is most effective at low pH and is commonly used in soft drinks and tomato sauce?
Sulfites
What is the primary function of packaging in relation to food preservation?
Maintaining color, flavor, and odor of food
Which type of packaging container holds several primary units?
Secondary
In the context of packaging functions, what does 'utility/convenience' refer to?
Portions and meal kits
What is the primary function of packaging in relation to food preservation?
Extending shelf life and preserving food against spoilage
What is the primary role of tertiary packaging containers?
Holding several secondary units (eg. pallet)
What is the purpose of secondary packaging containers?
Holding several primary units (eg. carton)
Which material may be fortified with additives such as aluminium, plastic, resin, wax to give burst strength, leak protection, grease and tear resistance, and barrier properties?
Paper
Which type of plastic is commonly used for soft drink and water bottles?
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Which plastic type, commonly used for hard plastic bottles and containers, may contain bisphenol A (BPA)?
Polycarbonate (PC)
What is the revised target for the average recycled content included in packaging for the Australian Packaging Covenant (APCo) 2025?
50%
What is the primary focus of the phase out mentioned in the Australian Packaging Covenant (APCo) 2025 Targets?
Eliminating single-use plastics packaging
What is the main emphasis in the ongoing work related to packaging sustainability mentioned in the text?
Reviewing materials and uses to improve sustainability
Test your knowledge on food waste and food loss with this quiz. Explore the differences between food loss and food waste, and learn about the reasons behind the wastage of fresh produce. Delve into statistics on food wastage and understand its impact on the environment and economy.
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